Ptolemaic Kingdom: Did you mean...?

The rich lands of Egypt became the property of Rome after the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BCE, which spelled the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty that had ruled Egypt since the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE. After the murder of Gaius...

The Library of Alexandria was established under the Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt (323-30 BCE) and flourished under the patronage of the early kings to become the most famous library of the ancient world, attracting scholars from around the...

This map illustrates the rise and development of the Bosporan Kingdom (c. 480 BCE – 341 CE), a Greco-Scythian state centered on the Bosporus Cimmerius (modern Kerch Strait). Established by Greek colonists from Miletus and other poleis, the...

The Second Intermediate Period (c. 1782 - c.1570 BCE) is the era following the Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2040-1782 BCE) and preceding the New Kingdom (1570-1069 BCE). As with all historical designations of the eras of Egyptian history, the...

Harper's songs were lyrics composed in ancient Egypt to be sung at funeral feasts and inscribed on monuments. They derive their name from the image which accompanies the text on tomb or chapel walls, stelae, and papyri in which a blind harper...

Alexander Helios (40 BCE – c. late 1st century BCE) was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, the second oldest son of Cleopatra VII (69 BCE – 30 BCE) and the twin brother of Cleopatra Selene II (40 BCE – 5 BCE). He spent the majority of his...

The kingdoms and periods of ancient Egypt are modern-day designations for the history of the civilization. The people themselves did not refer to these eras by their modern terms but, instead, dated their history by the reign of a king or...

Map of the Nabatean Kingdom at its greatest extent, c. 85 BCE.

A map indicating the area controlled by the African kingdom of Axum (1st-8th century CE) on the coast of the Red Sea.

This map illustrates the Middle Kingdom of Egypt (c. 2055–1650 BCE), a period of reunification, stability, and cultural flourishing that followed the turbulence of the First Intermediate Period. Spanning roughly four centuries, it saw the...