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Ptolemy I
Ptolemy I (366-282 BCE), gold pentadrachm. (Numismatics Museum, Athens)

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Ptolemy V
Ptolemy V (r. 205-181 BCE) gold octadrachm. (Numismatics Museum, Athens)

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Ptolemy XII Pylon, Edfu Temple
Relief from the Temple of Horus at Edfu, depicting Ptolemy XII (r. 80-51 BCE) smiting his enemies. 1st century BCE.

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Engraved Ring Depicting Ptolemy VI
Engraved gold ring from Egypt, 3rd or 2nd century BCE.
Louvre Museum, Paris.

Definition
Antioch
Antioch or Antiochia was an ancient city located on the Orontes River near the Amanus Mountains in Syria. The “land of four cities” - Seleucia, Apamea, Laodicea, and Antiochia - was founded by Seleucus I Nicator (Victor) between 301 and 299...

Definition
Seleucus I Nicator
Seleucus I Nicator (l. c. 358-281 BCE, r. 305-281 BCE) was one of the generals of Alexander the Great (l. 356-323 BCE) who made up the group of Diadochi ("successors") who divided the vast Macedonian Empire between them after the death of...

Definition
Hypatia of Alexandria
Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 370 - March 415) was a female philosopher and mathematician, born in Alexandria, Egypt possibly in 370 (although some scholars cite her birth as c. 350). Little is known of her life but her dramatic death at the...

Definition
Callimachus of Cyrene
Callimachus of Cyrene (l. c. 310-c. 240 BCE) was a poet and scholar associated with the Library of Alexandria and best known for his Pinakes ("Tablets"), a bibliographic catalog of Greek literature, his poetry, and his literary aesthetic...

Video
Ptolemy II
A digital story created by Cameron Heagney and Aden Stephenson as part of the module The Hellenistic World 2021.

Definition
Alexandria, Egypt
Alexandria is a port city on the Mediterranean Sea in northern Egypt founded in 331 BCE by Alexander the Great. It was the site of the Pharos (lighthouse), one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, and the legendary Library of Alexandria...