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The Greek Ruins in Tyre
The ruins of the Greek colony of Tyre 'Týros', and the sarcophagus of Antipater (c. 399-319 BCE), modern-day Lebanon.

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Roman Agora in Tyre
Roman Agora (believed to be) at Al Mina excavation area.

Interview
Interview: Queens of Jerusalem, the Women Who Dared to Rule by Katherine Pangonis
Join World History Encyclopedia as they chat with medievalist Katherine Pangonis, all about her new book Queens of Jerusalem, the Women Who Dared to Rule. Kelly: Do you want to start off by telling us what your book is all about? Katherine...

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Assyrians Attacking Tyre
An illustration of a (lost?) relief of Sennacherib (705-681 BCE) which shows a scene of Assyrians attacking the Phoenician city of Tyre.

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Passages under the Hippodrome of Tyre
The passages under the hippodrome of Tyre (Lebanon). The hipprodrome, built in the 2nd century CE, is considered the second-largest hippodrome in the ancient world.

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Palaestra in Tyre
Columns of what is believed to be Palaestra (athletes' training area) at the Al Mina excavation area in Tyre.

Article
Caesarea Maritima's Role in the Mediterranean Trade
Caesarea Maritima was located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Built from the ground up in 22-10 BCE by Rome's client king, Herod the Great (r. 37-4 BCE), its location in relation to ship traffic and proximity to historical...

Definition
Phoenician Colonization
The prosperity of Phoenician cities such as Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos was based on trade, and it was the search for new commodities and new markets which resulted in the Phoenicians branching out from the narrow coastal strip of the Levant...

Definition
Sidon
Sidon is the Greek name (meaning 'fishery') for the ancient Phoenician port city of Sidonia (also known as Saida) in what is, today, Lebannon (located about 25 miles south of Beirut). Along with the city of Tyre, Sidon was the most powerful...

Definition
Siege of Tobruk
The siege of the port of Tobruk in Libya (April to Dec 1941) by Axis forces during the Second World War (1939-45) lasted 242 days and became a symbol of Allied resistance. Besieged by land but still supplied by sea, Tobruk was of vital strategic...