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Middle Kingdom of Egypt
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Middle Kingdom of Egypt

The Middle Kingdom (2040-1782 BCE) is considered ancient Egypt's Classical Age during which it produced some of its greatest works of art and literature. Scholars remain divided on which dynasties constitute the Middle Kingdom as some argue...
Threshing Floors of the Bible
Article by Patrick Scott Smith, M. A.

Threshing Floors of the Bible

The threshing floors of the Bible were outdoor stone floors, usually circular in fashion, used by farmers to process the grain of their crops. For the larger community, like watermills of the recent past, they could be gathering places bustling...
Great Exhibition
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Great Exhibition

The 1851 Great Exhibition was held in the purpose-built Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, to showcase the latest developments in engineering, science, and the arts, as well as objects of cultural significance from Britain and abroad. Running...
Daily Life in Ancient Egypt
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Daily Life in Ancient Egypt

The popular view of life in ancient Egypt is often that it was a death-obsessed culture in which powerful pharaohs forced the people to labor at constructing pyramids and temples and, at an unspecified time, enslaved the Hebrews for this...
Ten Great Stupas from Around the World
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Ten Great Stupas from Around the World

A stupa is a reliquary containing the remains (relics) of an individual associated with great spiritual power and insight, most often (since the 3rd century BCE) with the Buddha (l. c. 563 - c. 483 BCE). The form, a hemisphere topped by a...
The Crisis of the Third Century Explained
Video by Kelly Macquire

The Crisis of the Third Century Explained

The Crisis of the Third Century (also known as the Imperial Crisis, 235-284 CE) was the period in the history of the Roman Empire during which it splintered into three separate political entities: the Gallic Empire, the Roman Empire, and...
Interview: Costa Rica's Jade Museum
Interview by James Blake Wiener

Interview: Costa Rica's Jade Museum

The Jade Museum (Spanish: Museo del Jade y de la Cultura Precolombina) in San José, Costa Rica houses the world's largest collection of ancient jade from the Americas. With nearly 7,000 pieces in its collection, the artifacts at the Museum...
Women, Peace and Welfare: A Suppressed History of Social Reform, 1880-1920
Book Review ★ ★ ★ ★ ☆ by Alex Revzan

Women, Peace and Welfare: A Suppressed History of Social Reform, 1880-1920

From the outset, Ann Oakley’s Women, Peace and Welfare: A Suppressed History of Social Reform, 1880-1920 sets an ambitious goal of recovering the memory of the female reformers active during these years who made important contributions to...
Fullers of Ancient Rome (The Clothes Cleaners of Rome)
Video by Kelly Macquire

Fullers of Ancient Rome (The Clothes Cleaners of Rome)

Did you know that the laundromats of ancient Rome used urine as a detergent? This video is all about the fullers of ancient Rome and how the Romans got their clothes cleaned. The fullers of ancient Rome were launderers who washed the...
Female Gladiators of the Ancient Roman Empire
Video by Kelly Macquire

Female Gladiators of the Ancient Roman Empire

Female gladiators in ancient Rome – referred to by modern-day scholars as gladiatrix – may have been uncommon but they did exist. Evidence suggests that a number of women participated in the public games of Rome even though this practice...
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