Sultan: Did you mean...?

The Battle of Marj Ayyun (10 June 1179, also given as the Battle on the Litani) was a military engagement between Baldwin IV, King of Jerusalem (r. 1174-1185) and Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria (r. 1174-1193). Saladin decisively won the...

Mehrauli Archaeological Park is situated in Delhi, just beside the Qutb Complex (historically Mehrauli was the first of the seven cities of Delhi). Spanning an area of more than 200 acres (80 ha), the site displays the rich heritage of India...

Get to know the story of Shajar Al-Durr, who was born enslaved and rose to become the ruler of Egypt. – The year is 1249 CE. King Louis IX is sailing the Nile, threatening to overthrow the sultan and capture Egypt. Egypt’s commanders...

A painting depicting the surrender of the Latin ruler Guy de Lusignan to Saladin, the Sultan of Egypt and Syria (r. 1174-1193 CE), after the battle of Hattin in 1187 CE. The loss and subsequent capture of Jerusalem by Saladin would spark...

The island of Kilwa Kisiwani was one of the most important sultanates in the Swahili Coast trade network, linking East Africa to the Arabic world. For over 300 years, gold and ivory passed out of its ports, while Chinese silk and porcelain...

Ottoman Sultan Suleiman I the Magnificent (r. 1520-1566), also known as Suleiman the Lawgiver, oil on canvas by Tiziano, c. 1530 CE. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria.

Depicted here is the Death of King Władysław Jagiellończyk (r. 1424-1444 CE) at the Battle of Varna. This was a decisive moment in the Crusade of Varna, as the Turks under Sultan Murad II (r. 1421-1444 CE and 1446-1451 CE) won a decisive...

A man is feeding his mule, Byzantine Mosaic, Period: Early Byzantine, circa: 6th century CE. Place: Constantinople, (Modern Istanbul, Turkey). Great Palace Mosaic Museum, Istanbul, Turkey. The Great Palace Mosaic Museum was inaugurated...

A map indicating the location of the Battle of Manzikert in August 1071 CE. The battle in Armenia was one of the greatest defeats suffered by the Byzantine Empire. The victorious Seljuk army led by the Sultan Alp Arslan famously captured...

Sultan Selim III (r. 1789–1807 CE) holding an audience in front of the Gate of Felicity. Courtiers are assembled in a strict protocol. Oil on canvas. (Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul; Inv. 17/163)