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This 13th Century CE Arabic manuscript is the earliest manuscript from the Abbasid era (750-1258 CE). The Abbasids initiated a cascade of translation activities to preserve and further aggrandize western and eastern knowledge. Part of the...

Burial mounds at Gamla Uppsala, Sweden. Legend has it that three Norse gods - Odin, Thor, and Freyr - were buried under each and the site where the Temple of Uppsala once stood was sacred to them. Excavations of the mounds and site in the...

Reconstructed Viking houses from the Viking Age trading centre of Hedeby (also known as Haithabu in German) in what used to be part of the Danish Vikings' territory. It now lies in Germany, near the city of Schleswig on the Jutland peninsula...

An 1882 illustration by Heinrich Hansen of the observatory of Uraniborg on Hven (Ven) island, Sweden, built by Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) in 1576.

Early Scandinavian burial mound marked by stones laid out in a ship-pattern - a practice that was common in Scandinavia from the Bronze Age through the Viking Age. This particular one is situated in Anundshög, Västerås, Sweden, and dates...

Amulet of the Norse goddess Freyja. It is a copy of a find of a Viking period silver amulet from Aska in Hagebyhöga parish, Aska hundred, Vadstena municipality, Östergötland, Sweden.

More than a thousand years ago, Vikings living on the Swedish Island of Gotland erected carved stone slabs to commemorate fallen warriors and heroic deeds. This stone is called the "Broa Stonem" and it dates to c. 700-800 CE. Today, these...

Bone/antler comb from Björkö, Adelsö, Uppland, Sweden. The Swedish History Museum, Stockholm.

Copper-gilt weather vane from Söderala, Hälsingland, Sweden, dating to the Viking Age (c. 790-1100 CE). The style of its open-work pattern reminds of the Urnes style ornamentation, but the animal and its axial form place this vane firmly...

Enoch is taken up to heaven, chalk painting by Albertus Pictor (1440-1507) in Trave 2 of Härkeberga Church, Enköping, Sweden. The painting portrays the biblical character Enoch being taken to heaven by God. He was the son of Jared, the father...