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A Visual Glossary of Classical Architecture
Article by Mark Cartwright

A Visual Glossary of Classical Architecture

Abacus - a large slab placed above the column capital to support the architrave or an arch placed above it. Akroterion - a decorative piece added to the roof of a temple at the apex and corners, usually made of clay or bronze and often in...
Temple of Hera II, Paestum
Image by Carole Raddato

Temple of Hera II, Paestum

The Temple of Hera II at Paestum (Italy), sometimes called the Temple of Neptune or the Temple of Poseidon (misnomers from the 18th century), is an archaic Doric temple constructed ca. 470-460 BCE. The temple is peripteral and hexastyle with...
Ain Dara Temple
Image by Odilia

Ain Dara Temple

The Ain Dara temple is an Iron Age Syro-Hittite temple, located northwest of Aleppo, Syria, and dating to between the 10th and 8th century BC. It is noted for its similarities to Solomon's Temple as described in the Hebrew Bible. The surviving...
Side View of Kinkakuji Temple
Image by James Blake Wiener

Side View of Kinkakuji Temple

Kinkakuji Temple or the "Temple of the Golden Pavilion" was constructed in the 1390s CE as the retirement villa for Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (r. 1368–1394 CE). While Japan suffered warfare, plague, deteriorating economic conditions, and...
Rampant Lion, Konarak Temple
Image by Bernard Gagnon

Rampant Lion, Konarak Temple

This is a sculpture found in the Konarak Sun Temple, Odisha state, India. It shows a rampant lion standing upon a crouching elephant, the whole sculpture being supported on a pedestal. Though covered with plaster, the original colour of the...
Sun God, Konarak Sun Temple
Image by Pratishkhedekar

Sun God, Konarak Sun Temple

This colossal idol of Surya or the Hindu Sun God stands in the southern niche of the sanctuary at the Konarak Sun Temple, Odisha state, India. The temple was built in the 13th century CE (around 1250 CE) by King Narasimhadeva I (1238 – 1264...
Temple of Surya, Konarak
Image by Anshika42

Temple of Surya, Konarak

The temple of Surya at Konarak (aka Konarak Sun Temple), Orissa, North-east India. It was dedicated to the Hindu sun-god Surya and has 12 pairs of wheels on its sides to imitate the god's chariot which he rides across the sky each day. Built...
Temple of Poseidon at Sounion
Image by Frank van Mierlo

Temple of Poseidon at Sounion

The temple of Poseidon was constructed in approx. 440 B.C., over the ruins of a temple dating from the Archaic Period. It is perched above the sea at a height of almost 70 m. The design of the temple is a typical hexastyle i.e. it had a front...
Temple of Hera I, Paestum
Image by Carole Raddato

Temple of Hera I, Paestum

The Temple of Hera I at Paestum (Italy), also known as the Basilica, is an archaic Doric temple constructed ca. 550 BCE. The temple is peripteral with 9×18 columns. The temple was a part of a larger enclosed sanctuary to Hera, a Heraion...
Sculptures at Konarak Sun Temple
Image by SushG

Sculptures at Konarak Sun Temple

These sculptures are found in the Konarak Sun Temple, Odisha state, India. Carved in the temple wall, these show women in various poses, as singers and playing musical instruments. Latticework and niches can be seen. Many of these figures...
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