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Magdalenian Bone Spear Thrower
Image by Wellcome Images

Magdalenian Bone Spear Thrower

Spear thrower made out of bone and decorated with a carving of a horse's head. It belongs to the western European Magdalenian culture (c. 17,000 - c. 10,000 years ago) of the Late- or Upper Palaeolithic industry (c. 50,000/40,000 c. 10,000...
Clay Sickle
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Clay Sickle

This cutting tool witnessed the beginning of agriculture. Ubaid period, 5th millennium BCE, Mesopotamia, Iraq. (The Sulaimaniya Museum, Iraq).
Aurignacian Sites
Image by Hughcharlesparker

Aurignacian Sites

Map showing sites and presence associated with the Aurignacian culture, usually attributed to the first modern humans who arrived in Europe around 45,000 years ago.
Australopithecus Garhi Reconstruction
Image by Ji-Elle

Australopithecus Garhi Reconstruction

Reconstructed skull of Australopithecus garhi from fossils found in 1997 CE (Awash, Afar region). 2.5 million years old. Now found in Addis Ababa, National Museum of Ethiopia.
Reign of Terror
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Reign of Terror

The Reign of Terror, or simply the Terror (la Terreur), was a climactic period of state-sanctioned violence during the French Revolution (1789-99), which saw the public executions and mass killings of thousands of counter-revolutionary 'suspects'...
Ancient China
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ancient China

Ancient China produced what has become the oldest extant culture in the world. The name 'China' comes from the Sanskrit Cina (derived from the name of the Chinese Qin Dynasty, pronounced 'Chin') which was translated as 'Cin' by the Persians...
Ancient Greek Sculpture
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Ancient Greek Sculpture

The sculpture of ancient Greece from 800 to 300 BCE took inspiration from Egyptian and Near Eastern monumental art, and evolved into a uniquely Greek vision of the art form. Greek artists captured the human form in a way never before seen...
Etruscan Civilization
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Etruscan Civilization

The Etruscan civilization flourished in central Italy between the 8th and 3rd century BCE. The culture was renowned in antiquity for its rich mineral resources and as a major Mediterranean trading power. Much of its culture and even history...
Sumer
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Sumer

Sumer was the southernmost region of ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq and Kuwait) which is generally considered the cradle of civilization. The name comes from Akkadian, the language of the north of Mesopotamia, and means “land of the...
Neolithic Period
Definition by Cristian Violatti

Neolithic Period

The term Neolithic Period refers to the last stage of the Stone Age - a term coined in the late 19th century CE by scholars which covers three different periods: Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic. The Neolithic period is significant...
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