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Map of the Roman Trade Network (1st - 3rd centuries CE)
This map illustrates the main maritime and overland trade arteries that bound the Roman Empire together between the first and third centuries CE. From grain fleets in the Mediterranean to camel caravans across the desert and river barges...

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Second-Wave Civilization Natural Resources and Trade
A map illustrating the rise and spread of the Second Wave Civilizations between c. 500 BCE and 200 CE (including the Persians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Chinese, and India) with the flows of trade in major goods and resources.

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Hellenistic Trade Routes, 300 BCE
Alexander the Great died in Babylon on the 13th of June, 323 BCE. His Macedonian-Greek empire broke apart, but Alexander’s heritage was felt throughout the ancient Mediterranean world for centuries. Three Hellenic empires emerged from the...

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Map of the Trade in the Indian Ocean 15th-16th century
This map illustrates the Indian Ocean trade (15th–16th centuries), a vast maritime network linking East Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, facilitating the exchange of spices, textiles, metals, timber, and luxury goods...

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The Hanseatic League - Trade in the North and Baltic Seas c. 1400
A map illustrating the expanse and complexity of the northern Europen trade network of commerce and the powerful association of cities and merchant guilds known as the Hanseatic League (from Old High German - Hanse for “guild,” or “association,”...

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Map of Medieval Japanese Trade & Wako Pirates
Map depicting Medieval Japan and its trade relations with its neighbours, China and Korea. The map shows the major trade goods exchanged between Japan, China, and Korea. Black lines show the approximate routes taken by the Wako Pirates. Each...

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Late Medieval Land & Maritime Trade Routes
A map showing the late medieval trade routes by land and sea across Europe and Western Asia.

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Phoenician Trade Network
Map of Phoenicia and its trade routes.

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VOC Trade Lodge in Hooghly, Bengal
A 1665 painting by Hendrik van Schuylenbergh showing the Dutch East India Company (VOC) Trade Lodge in Hooghly, Bengal. (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam)

Definition
Kingdom of Axum
The African kingdom of Axum (also Aksum) was located on the northern edge of the highland zone of the Red Sea coast, just above the horn of Africa. It was founded in the 1st century CE, flourished from the 3rd to 6th century CE, and then...