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Second-Wave Civilization Natural Resources and Trade
A map illustrating the rise and spread of the Second Wave Civilizations between c. 500 BCE and 200 CE (including the Persians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Chinese, and India) with the flows of trade in major goods and resources.
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Cultural Links between India & the Greco-Roman World
Cyrus the Great (558-530 BCE) built the first universal empire, stretching from Greece to the Indus River. This was the famous Achaemenid Empire of Persia. An inscription at Naqsh-i-Rustam, the tomb of his able successor Darius I (521-486...
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Mali Empire
The Mali Empire (1240-1645) of West Africa was founded by Sundiata Keita (r. 1230-1255) following his victory over the kingdom of Sosso (c. 1180-1235). Sundiata's centralised government, diplomacy and well-trained army permitted a massive...
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Trade & Commerce in Ancient Greece
The ancient Mediterranean was a busy place with trading ships sailing in all directions to connect cities and cultures. The Greeks were so keen on the rewards of trade and commerce that they colonized large parts of the coastal Mediterranean...
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History of the Major Trade Routes - Summary on a Map
In this video, let's retrace the evolution of the world’s major trade routes, from the Incense Route until today.
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Hellenistic Trade Routes, 300 BCE
Alexander the Great died in Babylon on the 13th of June, 323 BCE. His Macedonian-Greek empire broke apart, but Alexander’s heritage was felt throughout the ancient Mediterranean world for centuries. Three Hellenic empires emerged from the...
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The Hanseatic League - Trade in the North and Baltic Seas c. 1400
A map illustrating the expanse and complexity of the northern Europen trade network of commerce and the powerful association of cities and merchant guilds known as the Hanseatic League (from Old High German - Hanse for “guild,” or “association,”...
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Phoenician Trade Network
Map of Phoenicia and its trade routes.
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Map of Roman & Parthian Trade Routes
This map shows the Roman-Parthian trade route system, circa between the 1st and the 3rd centuries CE. During this period, the Roman Empire and the Parthian Empire were the two superpowers of the region and the Roman-Parthian trade system...
Definition
Qanat
The qanat (called foggara in North Africa and the Levant, falaj in the United Arab Emirates and Oman, kariz in Iran, and puquios in Peru) is an ancient Middle Eastern irrigation technique in which a long tunnel is dug into arid land that...
