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Late Medieval Land & Maritime Trade Routes
A map showing the late medieval trade routes by land and sea across Europe and Western Asia.

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Ancient Indian Maritime Trade Routes
This map is derived from the book Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. It depicts trade routes in the ancient world, ports in the Chera territory and other parts of India and the trade routes connecting them to other parts of the world along with...

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Trade in Ancient Egypt
Trade has always been a vital aspect of any civilization whether at the local or international level. However many goods one has, whether as an individual, a community, or a country, there will always be something one lacks and will need...

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Varangian Trade Routes
Map showing Varangian trade routes.
Red: Volga trade route
Purple: trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks
Orange: Other trade routes of the 8th-11th centuries

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Songhai Empire
The Songhai Empire (aka Songhay, c. 1460 - c. 1591) covered what is today southern Mauritania and Mali. It replaced the Mali Empire (1240-1645) as the most important state in West Africa. Originating as a smaller kingdom along the eastern...

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Viking Age Trade Routes in North-West Europe
Map showing some of the Viking Age (c. 790-1100 CE) trade routes that existed in North-West Europe during this time. Among the places depicted are such major trading centres are Hededy, Ribe, Birka and Kaupang from Viking Scandinavia; York...

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Some Active Trade Routes in the Bronze Age Mediterranean
A map detailing some of the active maritime trade routes in the Aegean during the Middle and Late Bronze Age.

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History of the Major Trade Routes - Summary on a Map
In this video, let's retrace the evolution of the world’s major trade routes, from the Incense Route until today.

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Trade in the Roman World
Regional, inter-regional and international trade was a common feature of the Roman world. A mix of state control and a free market approach ensured goods produced in one location could be exported far and wide. Cereals, wine and olive oil...

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Trade in the Phoenician World
The Phoenicians, based on a narrow coastal strip of the Levant, put their excellent seafaring skills to good use and created a network of colonies and trade centres across the ancient Mediterranean. Their major trade routes were by sea to...