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Fall of the Girondins
The fall of the Girondins, which occurred during the Paris insurrections of 31 May-2 June 1793, marked the end of a bitter power struggle between the Girondins and the Mountain during the French Revolution (1789-99). It was significant for...

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Hamilton-Burr Duel
The Hamilton-Burr duel was fought between Alexander Hamilton and his political rival Aaron Burr at 7 a.m. on 11 July 1804, in Weehawken, New Jersey. It resulted in the death of Hamilton, who received a mortal wound to the abdomen, and the...

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Battle of Queenston Heights
The Battle of Queenston Heights (13 October 1812) was a major battle in the War of 1812. A US army, under General Stephen Van Rensselaer, crossed the Niagara River in an attempted invasion of Canada but was repulsed by a British, Canadian...

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Peggy Eaton and the Petticoat Affair
A cigar box depicting the Petticoat affair (1829-1831); Margaret 'Peggy' Eaton (née O'Neill) is depicted in the center. To the left, President Andrew Jackson offers her flowers – symbolizing his support for her during the scandal – while...

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George Washington
Famous portrait of President George Washington (1732-1799), oil on canvas by Gilbert Stuart, 1803.
Clark Art Institute of Williamstown, Massachusetts.

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National Assembly, 5 October 1789
Women's March on Versailles, 5 October 1789. The National Assembly's president Jean-Joseph Mounier presides over a chatoic hall, with women marchers mingling with Assembly deputies. A man, probably Stanislas Maillard, holds a sign asking...

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Hitler & Hindenburg
A March 1933 photograph showing Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) and the German President Paul von Hindenburg (1847-1934). (German Federal Archives)

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Political Cartoon Depicting Benedict Arnold and Jefferson Davis in Hell
A Proper Family Reunion, American political cartoon showing Satan and Benedict Arnold welcoming Jefferson Davis to Hell. Arnold and Davis were considered two of the most notorious traitors in US history; Arnold, a Patriot general in the American...

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John Adams, 1826
Last portrait of former U.S. president John Adams, completed shortly before his death. Oil on canvas by Gilbert Stuart, 1826.
Smithsonian American Art Museum.

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John Adams
John Adams as President of the United States, oil on canvas, by Gilbert Stuart, c. 1800.
National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.