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Battle of Fort Sumter
Definition

Battle of Fort Sumter - The First Shots Fired of the American Civil War

The Battle of Fort Sumter (12-13 April 1861), also known as the Attack on Fort Sumter and the Fall of Fort Sumter, was the opening engagement of the American Civil War. It began when...
James Madison
Definition

James Madison

James Madison (1751-1836) was a statesman, diplomat, and a Founding Father of the United States, who served as the fourth US president from 1809 to 1817. He played an important role in the drafting of the United States Constitution...
Zachary Taylor
Definition

Zachary Taylor - Old Rough and Ready - the 12th US President

Zachary Taylor (1784-1850) was an American military officer who served as the twelfth president of the United States. Born to a family of prominent Virginian planters, Taylor joined the US Army...
George B. McClellan
Definition

George B. McClellan - The Wrong Man for the Job

George B. McClellan (1826-1885) was an American army officer and engineer who was elevated to the position of Commanding General of the United States Army in 1861 and was the Major General of the Army of...
Webster-Hayne Debate
Definition

Webster-Hayne Debate

The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of back-and-forth speeches between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina in January 1830. What started as a debate over the sale of western...
Jefferson Davis' Message to Congress
Article

Jefferson Davis' Message to Congress - States' Rights and Defense of Slavery

There were many events leading up to the American Civil War, with tensions becoming increasingly heightened between the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and, the final tipping point, the...
The Foundation of the Royal Society
Article

The Foundation of the Royal Society

The Royal Society was founded in 1662 to promote scientific research and increase our knowledge of the natural world. With royal patronage and a stellar membership of great minds, the society quickly gained international...
How the United Nations was Born from WWII
Article

How the United Nations was Born from WWII

The Allies met in several conferences from 1941 to 1945 to discuss how to guarantee a more peaceful and cooperative world once the Second World War (1939-45) was concluded. To foster global cooperation, facilitate...
The Dreyfus Affair & the Separation of Church and State in France
Article

The Dreyfus Affair & the Separation of Church and State in France

The Dreyfus Affair, or L'Affaire as it has become known, demonstrated the competing forces at work to either reestablish the monarchy and the Church in power or to solidify and advance the...
Architects of France's 1901 Law of Associations
Article

Architects of France's 1901 Law of Associations

The Law of Associations was adopted by the French Parliament on 3 July 1901 to limit the influence of Catholic teaching orders as the first step toward the formal separation of church and state that would...
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