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Antonio I Acciaioli
Antonio I Acciaioli (r. 1403-1435 CE), Duke of Athens.
Illustration from Atene Attica Descritta da suoi Principii sino all’acquisto fatto dall’Armi Venete nel 1687…, Venice, Antonio Bortoli, 1695 edition, by Francesco Fanelli

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Scipio Africanus Freeing Massiva
As described by the Roman historian Livy (1st century BC), the youthful Massiva was the nephew of a prince of Numidia in present-day Algeria who had supported Scipio Africanus (a Roman general so known because of his conquests in North Africa...

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Oribasius' Synopsis for Eustathius
Synopsis for Eustathius by Oribasius (c. 320-400/403 CE), printed in Venice 1554 CE.
Wellcome Collection, London.

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Nerio I Acciaioli
Nerio I Acciaioli, ruler of the Duchy of Athens (r. 1388-1394 CE) who briefly conquered the Duchy of Neopatras. Illustration from Atene Attica Descritta da suoi Principii sino all’acquisto fatto dall’Armi Venete nel 1687…, Venice, Antonio...

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Venetian Lagoon
The Venetian Lagoon as seen from the bell tower at Torcello. Burano is seen on the neighboring island, while Venice can be glimpsed in the distance.

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Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) - Ancient Rome Live
The Roman Emperor Constantine founded Constantinople on Byzantium, a strategic site for controlling the Bosphorus by the Greeks and as recently as Septimius Severus. This city was Constantine's "New Rome" with churches, walls, hippodrome...

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Portraits of the Four Tetrarchs, c. 305
Portraits of the Four Tetrarchs, from Constantinople, c. 305, porphyry, 4' 3" high (St. Marks, Venice)

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Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire (1206-1368) was founded by Genghis Khan (r. 1206-1227), first Great Khan or 'universal ruler' of the Mongol peoples. Genghis forged the empire by uniting nomadic tribes of the Asian steppe and creating a devastatingly effective...

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Mali Empire
The Mali Empire (1240-1645) of West Africa was founded by Sundiata Keita (r. 1230-1255) following his victory over the kingdom of Sosso (c. 1180-1235). Sundiata's centralised government, diplomacy and well-trained army permitted a massive...

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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire existed from 330 to 1453. It is often called the Eastern Roman Empire or simply Byzantium. The Byzantine capital was founded at Constantinople by Constantine I (r. 306-337). The Byzantine Empire varied in size over the...