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Definition
Cochineal
Cochineal is a brilliant red dye extracted from the crushed bodies of parasitic insects which prey on cacti in the warmer parts of the Americas. The dye was an important part of trade in ancient Mesoamerica and South America and throughout...

Definition
Tyrian Purple
Tyrian purple (aka Royal purple or Imperial purple) is a dye extracted from the murex shellfish which was first produced by the Phoenician city of Tyre in the Bronze Age. Its difficulty of manufacture, striking purple to red colour range...

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Cake of Indigo Dye
A cake of dried indigo dye. (Collection of the Technical University of Dresden, Germany)

Video
Dr Julia Dye on "Becoming Alexander"
After receiving her Ph.D. in Hoplology, which combines anthropology, sociology, economics, and more to the study of history, Julia Dye wanted to see her knowledge used in a way that would have a lasting effect on the public. Using her background...

Video
Tyrian Purple Dye: Ancients Used Marine Snails to Make It
CreatureCast: Tyrian purple was one of the only bright dyes available to ancient civilizations. This sought-after dye was created from the extracts of marine snails. Read the story here: http://nyti.ms/15nKB02 Subscribe to the Times...

Definition
Sidon
Sidon is the Greek name (meaning 'fishery') for the ancient Phoenician port city of Sidonia (also known as Saida) in what is, today, Lebannon (located about 25 miles south of Beirut). Along with the city of Tyre, Sidon was the most powerful...

Definition
Indigo Revolt
The Indigo Revolt (aka Indigo Riots or Blue Mutiny) of 1859-60 in Bengal, India, involved indigo growers going on strike in protest at working conditions and pay. The subsequent violence was aimed at exploitative European plantation owners...

Definition
Tyre
Tyre (in modern-day Lebanon) is one of the oldest cities in the world, dating back over 4,000 years, during which it has been inhabited almost continuously. It was one of the most important, and at times the dominant, city of Phoenicia, whose...

Definition
Phoenicia
Phoenicia was an ancient civilization composed of independent city-states located along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea stretching through what is now Syria, Lebanon and northern Israel. The Phoenicians were a great maritime people, known...

Article
Trade in the Phoenician World
The Phoenicians, based on a narrow coastal strip of the Levant, put their excellent seafaring skills to good use and created a network of colonies and trade centres across the ancient Mediterranean. Their major trade routes were by sea to...