Illustration
An early 20th-century painting by Samuel Hirszenberg of the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) illustrating his excomunication by the Jewish community in Amsterdam around 1656 for his radical views.
License & Copyright
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Based on Wikipedia content that has been reviewed, edited, and republished.
Original image by Samuel Hirszenberg. Uploaded by Mark Cartwright, published on 24 January 2024. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Public Domain. This item is in the public domain, and can be used, copied, and modified without any restrictions. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms.
Related Images
Grave of Baruch Spinoza
Baruch Spinoza, Rijksmuseum
Portrait of Spinoza
Frederick II Being Excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV
Cite This Work
APA Style
Hirszenberg, S. (2024, January 24). Excommunicated Spinoza. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/18391/excommunicated-spinoza/
Chicago Style
Hirszenberg, Samuel. "Excommunicated Spinoza." World History Encyclopedia. Last modified January 24, 2024. https://www.worldhistory.org/image/18391/excommunicated-spinoza/.
MLA Style
Hirszenberg, Samuel. "Excommunicated Spinoza." World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia, 24 Jan 2024. Web. 21 Feb 2025.
