Illustration
Bronze figurine with Babylonian cuneiform inscription found in Luristan Province, c. 1000-900 BCE (Iron Age II),
National Museum of Iran, Tehran, inv. no. 1408.
Photo by Neda Tehrani (Baloot Noghrei)
The cultural influence of Mesopotamia in pre-Achaemenid Iran is underlying and unignorable – thanks to the Elamites, Babylonian Amorites and Kassites, and Assyrians among others. Their impact is particularly apparent in the visual personification of gods in the form of warrior kings. The inscribed bronze figurine from Luristan, however, displays several special features. His rather plain, long robe is a precursor of the Median chieftain paraphernalia a few centuries later. His quiver fastened on studded leather bands, perhaps completed with a now lost bow in his raised hand, corresponds with the Zagros-Median, and later Achaemenid, reputation in archery par excellence. That said, the Babylonian inscription, most likely a later addition, takes us to a peculiar pinnacle. It reads:
Iltirgazi, the god of the city who was kidnapped and placed in Burnaku. Marduk-Sarani, son of Sulmanu Asaridu, ruler of the land Semanis returned him and put him in his place.
As it is understood, Marduk-Sarani (Sharrani), a lesser-known governor of the Elamite city-state of Semanis (Shemanis), finds this sacred sculpture of the patron deity of Iltirgazi, perhaps a small city in his territory, in the city of Burnaku. Some scholars assume that this discovery was an aftermath of his conquest of Burnaku, and, more importantly, that Marduk-Sarani’s motivation for returning the god of Iltirgazi was the "divine blessings and social recognition" (Berlejung, 118) gained through the admired act of repatriation – reinstallation and restoration of a deity that had desecrated by being carried away from his house/temple/city. It is almost inevitable to recall the famous (hypothetical) example of this kind of sacrilege, namely taking the stele of Code of Hammurabi from Babylon to Susa by the Elamite king, Shukrut-Nakhunte I (r. 1184-1155 BCE).
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References
- Berlejung, Angelika. Divine Secrets and Human Imaginations. Mohr Siebrek Ek, 2021.
- El Zorro: A Journey in Time .1st stop Tehran: 6 Bronzeware of the Museum of Archaelogical Iran (時間之旅 :第一站 . 德黑蘭之六: 伊朗考古博物館之銅器), accessed 7 Mar 2024.
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APA Style
Iran, N. M. o. (2024, March 08). Bronze Figurine with Babylonian Cuneiform Inscription from Western Iran. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/18666/bronze-figurine-with-babylonian-cuneiform-inscript/
Chicago Style
Iran, National Museum of. "Bronze Figurine with Babylonian Cuneiform Inscription from Western Iran." World History Encyclopedia. Last modified March 08, 2024. https://www.worldhistory.org/image/18666/bronze-figurine-with-babylonian-cuneiform-inscript/.
MLA Style
Iran, National Museum of. "Bronze Figurine with Babylonian Cuneiform Inscription from Western Iran." World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia, 08 Mar 2024. Web. 09 Mar 2025.
