The Four Castes of Ancient India - The Varna System

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Simeon Netchev
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published on 10 September 2024
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This infographic illustrates the Varna caste system in ancient India. First mentioned in the Rig Veda's Purusha Sukta c. 1200–1000 BCE, it shows society divided into four groups that emerged from the sacrifice of Purusha, a transcendent and immense cosmic being: Brahmins (priests and scholars) from its mouth, Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers) from its arms, Vaishyas (merchants and landowners) from its thighs, and Shudras (laborers and service providers) from its feet. Initially, this system was based on occupation rather than birth. However, it became rigid over time, with varna status inherited. A fifth group, the "Untouchables" (Chandalas), was later added outside of the Varna system, facing severe discrimination and social exclusion.

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About the Author

Simeon Netchev
Simeon is a freelance visual designer and history teacher passionate about the human stories behind past events. He believes every image should tell a story and spark interaction, while each map leads on a journey, blending imagination with education.

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APA Style

Netchev, S. (2024, September 10). The Four Castes of Ancient India - The Varna System. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/19424/the-four-castes-of-ancient-india---the-varna-syste/

Chicago Style

Netchev, Simeon. "The Four Castes of Ancient India - The Varna System." World History Encyclopedia. Last modified September 10, 2024. https://www.worldhistory.org/image/19424/the-four-castes-of-ancient-india---the-varna-syste/.

MLA Style

Netchev, Simeon. "The Four Castes of Ancient India - The Varna System." World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia, 10 Sep 2024. Web. 21 Feb 2025.

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