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Toilets in a Medieval Castle
The medieval toilet or latrine, then called a privy or garderobe, was a primitive affair, but in a castle, one might find a little more comfort and certainly a great deal more design effort than had been invested elsewhere. Practicality...

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Stirling Castle
Stirling Castle, located on a strategically important rocky outcrop by the River Forth in central Scotland, was a key royal residence from the late 11th century into the early modern period and subject to many battles and sieges, particularly...

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Gatehouse Interior, Harlech Castle
The western interior side of the Gatehouse of Harlech Castle in Wales, first built by Edward I of England (r. 1272-1307 CE) from 1283 CE and completed by 1330 CE.

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Gatehouse Exterior, Harlech Castle
The exterior eastern side of the Gatehouse of Harlech Castle in Wales, first built by Edward I of England (r. 1272-1307 CE) from 1283 CE and completed by 1330 CE.

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Windsor Castle
Windsor Castle is located in Berkshire, England, and was built as a motte and bailey castle by William the Conqueror (r. 1066-1087). Converted into stone by Henry II of England (r. 1165-1179), the shell keep tower was rebuilt by Edward III...

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Plan of Harlech Castle
A plan of Harlech Castle in Wales, first built by Edward I of England (r. 1272-1307 CE) from 1283 CE and completed by 1330 CE.

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Edinburgh Castle
Edinburgh Castle, towering atop Castle Rock, has served Scotland for centuries, at one time or another acting as a fortress, royal residence, seat of government, armoury, and prison. The scene of countless sieges, royal births and deaths...

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An Illustrated Glossary of Castle Architecture
Alure (Wall Walk) The walkway along the higher and interior part of a wall which often gives access to the higher floors of towers within the wall. Typically protected by battlements. Apse A semicircular projecting part of a building...

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Great Hall
The Great Hall was the architectural centrepiece of a medieval castle's interior and functioned as the social and administrative hub of the castle and its estates. With everyone dining and sleeping in the hall in its early days, the room...

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The Household Staff in an English Medieval Castle
An English medieval castle, if a large one, could have a household staff of at least 50 people, which included all manner of specialised and skilled workers such as cooks, grooms, carpenters, masons, falconers, and musicians, as well as a...