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Definition
Operation Compass
Operation Compass (9 Dec 1940 to 7 Feb 1941) was an Allied offensive in North Africa, which pushed Italian forces out of Egypt and then Cyrenaica (Eastern Libya). The Allied Western Desert Force, led by Lieutenant-General Richard O'Connor...

Article
Winning Against the Odds: Sargon II & the Urartu Campaign
It is often when one is faced with the most difficult circumstances that one is given the greatest opportunity for clarity. History provides ample evidence of this experience in showing how, when faced with seemingly impossible situations...

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Italian Penninsula
Principal areas of the Italian penninsula and its vincinity up to the Second Punic War (218 BC).

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Italian Prisoners-of-War, Operation Compass
A January 1941 photograph showing Italian prisoners-of-war after the battle of Bardia during Operation Compass (9 Dec 40 - 7 Feb 41), the Allied offensive which won several important victories against Italian forces in North Africa during...

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British Matilda Tank with Captured Italian Flag
A January 1941 photograph showing a British Matilda tank with a captured Italian flag and its way to Tobruk. The attack on Tobruk was part of Operation Compass (9 Dec 40 - 7 Feb 41), the Allied offensive which won several important victories...

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Still Life with Italian Earthenware Jar by Cézanne
A c. 1873 still life painting in oils, Still Life with Italian Earthenware Jar, by Paul Cézanne (1839-1906), the French post-impressionist artist. This painting shows the transition from impressionism with its emphasis on atmospheric tones...

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Italian Detainees Working to Clear Rubble During the Blitz
A photograph showing two Italian detainees being used in a demolition gang to remove rubble from damaged buildings and streets during the London Blitz. During the war, some 27,000 foreign nationals were detained in camps by the authorities...

Collection
UNESCO's Nubia & Abu Simbel Campaign
This collection is really dear to us as it is the fruit of our new collaboration and partnership with the UNESCO Archives. They have digitized a vast amount of resources that can be found on their platform and you can read all about their...

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WWII North Africa Campaign, 1940-1943
This map illustrates the North Africa Campaign of World War II, spanning from 1940 to 1943 - a series of operations and battles for control of the strategic region between the Allied forces (primarily the British Commonwealth) and the Axis...

Video
The Merciless Mercenaries of the Italian Renaissance - Stephanie Honchell Smith
Dig into the history of the elite mercenaries known as condottieri, who were soldiers for hire for Italy's rich and powerful. During the 14th and 15th centuries, mercenaries known as condottieri dominated Italian warfare, profiting from—...