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Amphitheater at Augusta Raurica
In Roman times, the amphitheater in Augusta Raurica was a place of horror. Up to 13,000 spectators gathered here to watch gory entertainment, which included animal hunts, gladiatorial combat and executions. The amphitheater was the result...

Article
Zenobia's Rebellion in the Historia Augusta
The Historia Augusta (Great History) is a Latin work of the 4th century CE that chronicles the lives of Roman emperors from 117-285 CE. Among the many stories related is the history of Zenobia of Palmyra and her challenge to Roman authority...

Definition
Zenobia
Zenobia (b. c. 240 CE, death date unknown) was the queen of the Palmyrene Empire who challenged the authority of Rome during the latter part of the period of Roman history known as The Crisis of the Third Century (235-284 CE also known as...

Interview
Interview: The First Black Archaeologist: A Life of John Wesley Gilbert by John Lee
John Lee joins World History Encyclopedia to tell us all about his new book, The First Black Archaeologist: A Life of John Wesley Gilbert. Kelly (WHE): Thank you so much for joining me! Let us start by talking about what the book is about...

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Roman Victory Statuette
A statuette of Victoria, the Roman goddess of victory, from the Roman colony of Augusta Raurica. Bronze, c. 200 CE, Römerstadt Augusta Raurica. Shown as part of the 2023 exhibition Ave Caesar! Romans, Gauls and Germanic tribes on the Banks...

Definition
John Wesley Gilbert
Born into slavery in rural Georgia, John Wesley Gilbert (1863-1923) rose to national prominence as a scholar, teacher, community leader, and Christian missionary. During 1890-91, he was the first African American member of the American School...

Article
Legions of Britain
After the Roman emperor Claudius (r. 41-54 CE) successfully conquered Britain in 43 CE, four legions were left there to maintain the peace: XIV Gemina, II Augusta, IX Hispana, and XX Valeria Victrix. However, by the end of the decade, XIV...

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Scale Model of Augusta Emerita (Mérida, Spain)
Augusta Emerita (modern-day Mérida in Spain) was a Roman colony established by Augustus in 25 BCE. The city was the capital of the Roman province of Lusitania, and was one of the largest in Hispania with an area of over 20,000 square kilometres...

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Scale Model of Augusta Treverorum (Trier)
Scale model of Augusta Treverorum in the Rheinisches Landesmuseum in Trier. A) Porta Nigra; B) Basilica of Constantine; C) Circus; D) Forum; E) Imperial Baths; F) Roman Bridge across the Moselle River

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Stage Building of the Theatre of Augusta Emerita (Mérida, Spain)
The front of the stage (scaenae frons) of the Roman theatre of Augusta Emerita (modern-day Mérida in Spain) is the most oustanding feature of the building. It consists of a high podium 2.60 metres (8.5 feet) high with Corinthian columns almost...