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Definition
Romani
Romani is an umbrella term used to describe a diverse ethnolinguistic group of people with a historical presence in Europe and West Asia. The historically common term 'Gypsy' is based on the myth that they came from Egypt. In reality, the...

Definition
Assembly of Notables of 1787
The meeting of the Assembly of Notables in 1787 was a last-ditch effort by the ministers of King Louis XVI of France (r. 1774-1792) to fix the disastrous condition of French finances. The assembly failed to agree on a series of radical financial...

Definition
Agrippina the Younger
Julia Agrippina or Agrippina the Younger (6 November 15 - 19/23 March 59 CE) was a prominent woman during the early Roman Empire, niece to Tiberius (r. 14-37 CE) and Claudius (41-54 CE), whom she married, sister of Caligula (r. 37-41 CE...

Definition
Belisarius
Flavius Belisarius (l. 505-565 CE) was born in Illyria (the western part of the Balkan Peninsula) to poor parents and rose to become one of the greatest generals, if not the greatest, of the Byzantine Empire. Belisarius is listed among the...

Definition
Alexander Helios
Alexander Helios (40 BCE – c. late 1st century BCE) was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, the second oldest son of Cleopatra VII (69 BCE – 30 BCE) and the twin brother of Cleopatra Selene II (40 BCE – 5 BCE). He spent the majority of his...

Article
The Siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE
The Siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE was the high watermark in the First Jewish-Roman War (66-73 CE) regarding the tension between the two forces. With the Roman Empire transitioning from the Julio-Claudian emperors to the Flavian dynasty in the...

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Maps of Boeotia, Lake Copais, Gla & Orchomenos
Maps of Boeotia (top) and Lake Copais (bottom). Photo © Antonia Stamos after Iakovidis, Gla and the Kopais in the 13th century BCE. (2001).

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Palatial-type Structures at the Citadel of Gla
Palatial-type structures at the Citadel of Gla. Photo © Antonia Stamos after Iakovidis, Gla and the Kopais in the 13th century BCE. (2001), Plan 1.

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Juno Ludovisi
The Juno Ludovisi was once part of a colossal marble statue and has actually been idnetified by some scholars as either an idealized statue of Antonia Minor, the mother of Roman emperor Claudius or Livia, the wife of Augustus. (Palazzo Altemps...

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Recently Revealed Structures at the Citadel of Gla
Recently revealed structures (red) at the Citadel of Gla Photo © Antonia Stamos after Iakovidis, Gla and the Kopais in the 13th century BCE. (2001), Plan 1.