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Kingdom of Kush (c. 2400 BCE - 350 CE)
Map of the Kingdom of Kush (c. 2400 BCE - 350 CE), showing the location of major cities, Kushite pyramids, and trade routes in what is now modern Sudan. Kush's close proximity to Egypt saw trade and cultural exchange as early as 2400 BCE...

Definition
Third Intermediate Period of Egypt
The Third Intermediate Period (c. 1069-525 BCE) is the era following the New Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1570-c.1069 BCE) and preceding the Late Period (c.525-332 BCE). Egyptian history was divided into eras of 'kingdoms' and 'intermediate periods'...

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Shield Ring with Amun's Head
Golden shield ring with a ram's head representing the god Amun, from the treasure of the Nubian queen Amanishakheto, Pyramid N6, Meroe, modern-day northern Sudan. Meroitic period, c. 1 CE.
State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich.

Lesson Pack
Kingdom of Kush
We have prepared three lesson plans including classroom activities, assignments, homework, and keys as well as: Multiple choice quiz questions in an excel format. Glossary of keywords and concepts in an excel format. Open questions...

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The Eastern Hemisphere, 100 BC
A map showing the major empires, kingdoms, tribes, and ethnic groups of the Eastern Hemisphere in 100 BC.

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Meroitic Script
Meroitic hieroglyphic and demotic script.
Made from RK Meroitic font (free online, same font as old version) and Gentium Basic for Latin.

Article
Interrelations of Kerma and Pharaonic Egypt
The vacillating nature of Ancient Egypt's associations with the Kingdom of Kerma may be described as one of expansion and contraction; a virtual tug-of-war between rival cultures. Structural changes in Egypt's administration led to alternating...

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Apedemak Temple
Lion Temple to the Nubian deity Apedemak in Musawwarat (modern-day Sudan). Apedemak was worshipped in Nubia by Meroitic peoples, and Musawwarat appears to have been its central temple. The deity had only a small influence on the Egyptian...

Definition
Writing
Writing is the physical manifestation of a spoken language. It is thought that human beings developed language c. 35,000 BCE as evidenced by cave paintings from the period of the Cro-Magnon Man (c. 50,000-30,000 BCE) which appear to express...

Definition
Democritus
Democritus (l. c. 460 - c. 370 BCE) was a Greek philosopher and younger contemporary of Socrates, born in Abdera (though other sources cite Miletus) who, with his teacher Leucippus (l. 5th century BCE), was the first to propose an atomic...