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Siege of Fort Erie
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Siege of Fort Erie

The Siege of Fort Erie (4 August to 21 September 1814) was one of the last major military operations of the War of 1812. Following the bloody Battle of Lundy's Lane, a US army retreated into Fort Erie, where it was soon besieged by a British...
Interview: Medieval Christian Art in the Levant
Article by James Blake Wiener

Interview: Medieval Christian Art in the Levant

Medievalists retain misconceptions and myths about Oriental Christians. Indeed, the fact that the Middle East is the birthplace of Christianity is an afterthought for many. During the Middle Ages, Christians from different creeds and confessions...
Dogs & Their Collars in the Age of Enlightenment
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Dogs & Their Collars in the Age of Enlightenment

In medieval and Renaissance Europe, dogs were considered little more than 'machines' which performed certain tasks, such as guarding a home or tracking game, but this view changed significantly during the Age of Enlightenment (also known...
Katharina Zell's Defending Clerical Marriage
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Katharina Zell's Defending Clerical Marriage

Defending Clerical Marriage (1524) is an open letter by reformer and theologian Katharina Zell (nee Schütz, l. 1497-1562), written to justify the marriage of Christian clergy. The Catholic Church prohibited clerical marriage, but Katharina...
Travelling Along the Lycian Way
Article by Theresa Thompson

Travelling Along the Lycian Way

The Lycian Way follows over 540km (335 miles) of ancient roadways, mule tracks and shepherds' paths along one of Turkey's most remote and untouched coastlines. Theresa Thompson discovers the joys of following the trail and finding the ancient...
Interview: Pre-Raphaelites: Modern Renaissance
Interview by James Blake Wiener

Interview: Pre-Raphaelites: Modern Renaissance

Pre-Raphaelites: Modern Renaissance marks the first multidisciplinary exhibition in Italy to examine the profound impact of Italian Renaissance art on the Pre-Raphaelite movement, which flourished in Victorian and Edwardian Britain (c. 1840-1920...
Interview with Gordon Campbell
Article by Kelly Macquire

Interview with Gordon Campbell

In this interview, World History Encyclopedia talks to author and scholar Gordon Campbell all about his new book Norse America: The Story of a Founding Myth published by Oxford University Press. Kelly (WHE): Thanks for joining me today...
Medieval Spice Merchant
Image by Lawrence OP

Medieval Spice Merchant

A detail from a stained glass window of Chartres Cathedral, France showing a vendor of spices. 13th century CE. Many medieval guilds contributed to the production of the windows of the cathedral.
Augustine of Hippo
Image by Fr Lawrence Lew, O.P.

Augustine of Hippo

19th-century CE statue of St. Augustine by Antoine Etex in the church of La Madeleine, Paris.
Winemakers, Zodiac Window Chartres
Image by Lawrence OP

Winemakers, Zodiac Window Chartres

A detail of the Zodiac Window of Chartres Cathedral, France. 13th century CE. Here wine pressers represent the month of September.
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