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Andreas Karlstadt
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Andreas Karlstadt

Andreas Karlstadt (also given as Carlstadt, l. 1486-1541) was a reformer, theologian, and early supporter of Martin Luther (l. 1483-1546) in the movement that became known as the Protestant Reformation. Karlstadt was one of Luther's most...
Augsburg Confession
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Augsburg Confession

The Augsburg Confession is the affirmation of faith of the Lutheran Church written by Philip Melanchthon (l. 1497-1560) and presented at the Diet of Augsburg in June 1530. The document attempted to reconcile differences between the Lutherans...
Roman Funerary Stela from Zurich
Image by James Blake Wiener

Roman Funerary Stela from Zurich

A father had this tombstone erected in memory of his little boy Lucius, who had died at the age of two. The inscription in Latin not only mentions the profession of the man, who was head of the Zurich customs post, but also of the Roman name...
Stein-am-Rhein's Town Hall Square
Image by James Blake Wiener

Stein-am-Rhein's Town Hall Square

The riverside town of Stein-am-Rhein, located in the canton of Schaffhausen in northern Switzerland, is arguably the country's best-preserved (and prettiest) medieval town. Lying at the point where the Rhine River exits the Bodensee, Stein-am...
Zurich's Grossmunster and Fraumunster
Image by James Blake Wiener

Zurich's Grossmunster and Fraumunster

This woodcut print showing the skyline of late medieval and early modern Zürich, Switzerland comes from Sebastian Münster's Latin edition of "Cosmographia," which was issued in c. 1552 CE. Münster was a famed German printmaker whose "Cosmographia"...
Abbey Cathedral of Saint Gall
Image by James Blake Wiener

Abbey Cathedral of Saint Gall

The Convent of St Gall, located in St. Gallen, Switzerland, is a perfect example of a great Carolingian monastery, was, from the 8th century CE to its secularization in 1805 CE, one of the most important in Europe. Its library is one of the...
Rich Alemanni Grave Goods
Image by James Blake Wiener

Rich Alemanni Grave Goods

This collection of rich Alemanni grave goods dates from c. 550 CE, and it was found on Bäckerstrasse in what is present-day Zurich, Switzerland. Of particular note are the bird-shaped brooches made of gold with almadine (gemstone) inlay...
View of Montebello Castle from Castelgrande in Bellinzona
Image by James Blake Wiener

View of Montebello Castle from Castelgrande in Bellinzona

View of Montebello Castle from Castelgrande in Bellinzona, Switzerland The Milanese regularly reinforced the Castlegrande and Montebello castles throughout the 15th century CE. All three of Bellinzona's castles are now UNESCO World Heritage...
Roman Theatre, Augusta Raurica
Image by Thomas Jundt

Roman Theatre, Augusta Raurica

The Roman theatre of Augusta Raurica, near Basel, Switzerland. The colony was founded c. 44 BCE and thrived until c. 250 CE. The theatre once had a capacity for 8,000 spectators.
View of Grossmunster and Wasserkirche in Zurich
Image by James Blake Wiener

View of Grossmunster and Wasserkirche in Zurich

This is a view of Grossmünster Cathedral from across the Limmat River in Zürich, Switzerland. Although its plump twin towers date from 1781 CE, the core of Grossmünster dates from the 11th century CE and sits on the site of an earlier Carolingian...
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