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Early Explorers of the Maya Civilization: From Aguilar to Waldek
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Early Explorers of the Maya Civilization: From Aguilar to Waldek

Although John Lloyd Stephens and Frederick Catherwood are consistently credited with the `discovery' of the Maya Civilization, there were many who preceded them who sparked their interest in making their famous travels through Mesoamerica...
Müntzer's Vindication and Refutation
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Müntzer's Vindication and Refutation

The Vindication and Refutation of Thomas Müntzer (l. c. 1489-1525) is a 1524 open letter to Jesus Christ, Martin Luther (l. 1483-1546), and the Christian community charging Luther with hypocrisy, betraying his original vision to win support...
The Grand Embassy of Peter the Great
Article by Liana Miate

The Grand Embassy of Peter the Great

The Grand Embassy was the name given to the long Western European tour that Tsar Peter I of Russia (aka Peter the Great, r. 1682-1725) undertook during 1697-1698. Peter was joined by hundreds of people, including noblemen, his friends, volunteers...
Kingdom of Jerusalem
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Kingdom of Jerusalem

The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a state created in 1099 CE by Crusaders and western settlers after the First Crusade (1095-1102 CE). With Jerusalem as its capital, the kingdom was the most important of the four Crusader States in the Middle...
Declaration of Pillnitz
Image by Johann Heinrich Schmidt

Declaration of Pillnitz

Meeting of European rulers at the Pillnitz Conference, famous for the Declaration of Pillnitz, which was issued on 27 August 1791 and threatened Revolutionary France with invasion. Depicted in the center are Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor...
Henry Box Brown
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Henry Box Brown - The Man Who Mailed Himself to Freedom

Henry Box Brown (l. c. 1815-1897) was an enslaved African American who became famous as "the man who mailed himself to freedom" after he had himself shipped in a box from Richmond, Virginia, to abolitionists in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania...
Odoacer
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Odoacer

Odoacer (433-493 CE, reigned 476-493 CE) also known as Odovacar, Flavius Odoacer, and Flavius Odovacer, was the first king of Italy. His reign marked the end of the Roman Empire; he deposed the last emperor, Romulus Augustulus, on 4 September...
Charles Cornwallis
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Charles Cornwallis

Charles Cornwallis (1738-1805), 1st Marquess and 2nd Earl Cornwallis, was a British military officer and statesman best known for surrendering to George Washington at the Siege of Yorktown, the final decisive engagement of the American Revolutionary...
Henricus Colony of Virginia
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Henricus Colony of Virginia

Henricus (1611-1622, also known as Henrico, Henryco, Citie of Henryco) was a colony established in Virginia in 1611 by Sir Thomas Dale (l. c. 1560-1619). Dale had been ordered by the Virginia Company of London – which had funded the establishment...
Harriet Jacobs
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Harriet Jacobs

Harriet Jacobs (l. c. 1813-1897) was a former slave, abolitionist, and author of Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861), her autobiography, describing her life as a slave in North Carolina, her flight to freedom in the North, and her...
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