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Sir William Marshal - England's Greatest Knight
The Englishman Sir William Marshal (c. 1146-1219 CE, aka William the Marshal), Earl of Pembroke, is one of the most celebrated knights of the Middle Ages. Renowned for his fighting skills, he remained undefeated in tournaments, spared the...

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Plan of Conwy Castle
The plan of Conwy Castle in north Wales. The castle was built by Edward I of England (r. 1272-1307 CE) from 1283 to 1289 CE.

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Marienburg (Malbork) Castle
Marienburg Castle, built by the Teutonic Order in Prussia (now part of Poland and called Malbork Castle) in the 13th century CE.

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Siege of Rochester Castle, 1215 CE
Illustration of the Siege of Rochester Castle (1215 CE) by Rocío Espin. Courtesy of Medieval Warfare Magazine / Karwansaray Publishers.

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Dunstanburgh Castle, Reconstructed
Dunstanburgh Castle in Northumberland, England was built between 1313 and 1322 CE by Thomas Lancaster (c. 1278–1322 CE). The castle was heavily damaged during the Wars of the Roses (1455-1487 CE) and became increasingly ruined over the years...

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Windsor Castle, Upper Ward
The Upper Ward of Windsor Castle, England. The castle was first built by William the Conqueror c. 1070 CE and then added to by many monarchs thereafter.

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Dover Castle Keep
The donjon or keep of Dover Castle, Kent, England. The castle was first built by William the Conqueror in the 11th century CE and it was then extensively rebuilt with new walls and a keep added by Henry II (r. 1154-1189 CE).

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Round Tower, Windsor Castle
The Round Tower of Windsor Castle, England. The castle was first built by William the Conqueror c. 1070 CE and then added to by many monarchs thereafter. Today's version of the Round Tower dates to the reign of George IV (r. 1820-1830 CE).?

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Dunluce Castle, Reconstructed
Dunluce Castle in County Antrim, Northern Ireland was built around 1500 CE. The castle was abandoned in 1639 CE, and the town surrounding the castle was abandoned just two years later. This gif shows a reconstruction of the ruined castle...

Definition
Medieval Hygiene
People in the Middle Ages have acquired something of a bad reputation when it comes to cleanliness, especially the peasantry. However, despite the general lack of running water and other modern amenities, there were common expectations of...