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Library of Celsus
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Library of Celsus

The Library of Celsus in ancient Ephesus, located in western Turkey, was a repository of over 12,000 scrolls and one of the most impressive buildings in the Roman Empire. Constructed in the 2nd century CE, it was named after the city's former...
Centurion
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Centurion

The centurion (centurio in Latin) was an officer in the Roman army whose experience and valour were a crucial factor in maintaining order on the battlefield and ensuring Rome's military successes spanned over centuries. A centurion commanded...
Elephants in Greek & Roman Warfare
Article by Mark Cartwright

Elephants in Greek & Roman Warfare

In the search for ever more impressive and lethal weapons to shock the enemy and bring total victory the armies of ancient Greece, Carthage, and even sometimes Rome turned to the elephant. Huge, exotic, and frightening the life out of an...
Hans Holbein the Younger
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Hans Holbein the Younger

Hans Holbein the Younger (c. 1497-1543 CE) was a German Renaissance painter who is most famous for his portraits. A versatile artist and superb draughtsman, Holbein was accomplished in different mediums from woodcut engravings to murals...
Drusus Julius Caesar
Image by Carole Raddato

Drusus Julius Caesar

Drusus Julius Caesar (Drusus the Younger) was was the only child of Roman Emperor Tiberius and his first wife, Vipsania Agrippina. He was also a maternal cousin of the Caligula, a paternal cousin of Claudius and a second cousin of Nero...
Two Phalerae with Portraits of Princes of the Imperial Family
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Two Phalerae with Portraits of Princes of the Imperial Family

These two glass medallions (phalerae) depict portraits of two princes of the Roman imperial family. Roman period, c. 20-40 CE. 1. Left: the younger Drusus, son of Emperor Tiberius (r. 14-37 CE). The medallion is set in its original mount...
Seneca
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Seneca

Lucius Annaeus Seneca (Seneca the Younger, l. 4 BCE - 65 CE) was a Roman author, playwright, orator, and most importantly a tutor and advisor to the Roman emperor Nero (r. 54-68 CE). Influenced by Stoic philosophy, he wrote several philosophical...
Did Roman Emperor Nero Murder His Mother?
Video by Secrets of the Dead PBS

Did Roman Emperor Nero Murder His Mother?

Records of Nero's reign portray him as a monster who orchestrated his own mother's death. But was it even possible? Experts try to re-create the circumstances by which Nero was alleged to have sun his mother Agrippina the Younger's ship as...
Roman Army
Definition by James Lloyd

Roman Army

The Roman army, famed for its discipline, organisation, and innovation in both weapons and tactics, allowed Rome to build and defend a huge empire which for centuries would dominate the Mediterranean world and beyond. Overview The Roman...
Mausoleum of Augustus
Article by Mark Cartwright

Mausoleum of Augustus

The Mausoleum of Augustus was actually one of the first of many large building projects undertaken in the reign of Rome's first emperor. When the Mausoleum was completed in 28 BCE, it was easily the biggest tomb in the Roman world, a record...
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