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10th-century Equatorium
Equatorium of Jafar al-Khazin (900-971 CE).
Istanbul Museum of the History of Science and Technology in Islam.

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Enigma Cypher Machine
An ENIGMA cypher machine, used by Nazi Germany during the Second World War to send coded communications. Unknown to the Germans, the Poles, French, and British deciphered the code. (Museum of Science and Technology, Milan)

Definition
Jerusalem
Jerusalem is a major holy city for the three Western traditions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It sits on spurs of bedrock between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea area. To the north and west, it tapers off to the Jezreel Valley...

Definition
Isaiah
Isaiah was one of the major prophets of ancient Israel. Isaiah is Hebrew for "God is salvation." Isaiah is one of the longest prophetic books (66 chapters). Originating in the 8th century BCE, it was updated at least twice, in the 7th and...

Interview
Interview with Simon from Lithodomos VR
In this interview, Ancient History Encyclopedia is talking to Simon Young, the founder of Lithodomos VR, which is a company based in Melbourne, about their new platform Ancient World! Simon (Lithodomos VR): Hi, Kelly. It is great to be here...

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Ashkelon Calf and Its Shrine
From Ashkelon, 16th century BCE, pottery and silver-plated bronze. The statuette of a calf was found inside the small model shrine, discovered in a temple in Ashkelon. The horned calf is meant to symbolize the young and energetic storm god...

Definition
Nok Culture
The Nok culture, named after the settlement of the same name, flourished in southern West Africa (modern Nigeria) during the Iron Age from the 5th century BCE to the 2nd century CE. Famous for the distinctive terracotta sculptures of human...

Definition
Roman Engineering
The Romans are known for their remarkable engineering feats, be they roads, bridges, tunnels, or their impressive aqueducts. Their constructions, many of them still standing, are a testament to their superior engineering skills and ingenuity...

Definition
Stone Age
From the dawn of our species to the present day, stone-made artefacts are the dominant form of material remains that have survived to today concerning human technology. The term “Stone Age” was coined in the late 19th century CE by the Danish...

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Hand Axe and Stone Tool
These were found in Barda Balka and are considered the oldest human-made artifacts among the whole museum's collections. Circa 100,000 BCE, from Barda Balka (near modern Chamchamal, Sulaimaniya Governorate, Iraq). (The Sulaimaniya Museum...