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Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts, also known as the Coercive Acts, were five laws passed by the Parliament of Great Britain in 1774 to punish the Thirteen Colonies of British North America for the Boston Tea Party. Though the acts primarily targeted...

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Hamilton-Burr Duel
The Hamilton-Burr duel was fought between Alexander Hamilton and his political rival Aaron Burr at 7 a.m. on 11 July 1804, in Weehawken, New Jersey. It resulted in the death of Hamilton, who received a mortal wound to the abdomen, and the...

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Battle of Kiev in 1941
The Battle of Kiev (Kyiv) in July-September 1941 was a major Axis victory in Operation Barbarossa, Adolf Hitler's attack on the USSR during the Second World War (1939-45). Hitler wanted the resources of Ukraine since these would allow the...

Definition
Richard Strauss
Richard Strauss (1864-1949) was a German conductor and composer of both innovative late-Romantic and Modernist music. He is best known for his symphonic poems and operas like Salome and Elektra, both of which caused a sensation. Strauss gained...

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The Reichstag Fire, 1933
A photograph of the Reichstag Fire of 27 February 1933, an arson attack on the German parliament blamed on a communist anarchist Marinus van der Lubbe but more likely the work of the Nazi party’s paramilitary group the Sturmabteilung (SA...

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Rudolf Hess, 1933
A 1933 photograph of Rudolf Hess (1894-1987), deputy leader of the German Nazi Party. (German Federal Archives)

Definition
Petticoat Affair
The Petticoat affair, also called the Eaton affair, was a political scandal that rocked Washington, D.C., from 1829 to 1831, during the early years of Andrew Jackson's presidency. Revolving around the rumored sexual promiscuity of Peggy Eaton...

Definition
James Madison
James Madison (1751-1836) was a statesman, diplomat, and a Founding Father of the United States, who served as the fourth US president from 1809 to 1817. He played an important role in the drafting of the United States Constitution and the...

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The Prophecy of Bear Man
The Prophecy of Bear Man is a war story from the Cheyenne nation relating their response to a Pawnee horse-raiding party and how they defeated their enemy, regaining most of the horses taken. The story exemplifies Native American warfare...

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Reinhard Heydrich
A 1940 photograph of the leading Nazi Reinhard Heydrich (1904-42) who acted as the Nazi leader in Bohemia and Moravia and headed the Nazi police services across the Third Reich. (German Federal Archives)