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Boxing in the Roman Empire
Boxing is one of the oldest sports in the world that is still practiced today. Included in the original athletic contests of the Olympic Games, pugilism or boxing was well known and loved by the ancient Greeks and Romans. The style used in...

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Roman Boxing Gloves from Vindolanda
Roman boxing gloves unearthed during the excavation of a pre-Hadrianic cavalry barrack (c. 100 CE) at the Vindolanda Roman fort in Northumberland, northern England. They are the only surviving boxing gloves from the Roman Empire.

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Amphora showing a boxing contest
Black-figured amphora showing a boxing contest, made in Athens about 550-500 BCE, signed by the potter Nikosthenes, from Agrigento (Sicily). The boxers wearing himantes (leather thongs bound on the fist) are about to exchange blows. The boxer...

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Greek Boxing
A boxing scene from an attic red-figure kylix (c. 500 BCE). Olympia Archaeological Museum.

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Bronze Plaque Showing Cupids Wrestling & Boxing
The background metal is bronze containing traces of a gold and silver, and its surface has been deliberately darkened, perhaps by organic acids. It may be an example of what Pliny calls "Corinthian bronze", which was said to contain gold...

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Pherenike the Female Olympic Trainer
Pherenike (l. c. 388 BCE, also known as Kallipateira) was an athlete from Rhodes who, because she was a woman, could not compete in the Olympic Games and, as a married woman, was not allowed to even watch them. Defying these rules and risking...

Definition
Pankration
Pankration is an ancient martial art which mixes wrestling and boxing. The sport can be traced as far back as the second millennium BCE in the territory of ancient Greece. Its name derives from the ancient Greek words pan (all) and kratos...

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Athletics, Leisure, and Entertainment in Ancient Rome
Although much of ancient Roman life revolved around negotium (work and business), there was also time available for otium (leisure). Ranging from swimming to playing board games to attending theatre performances, athletics and forms of entertainment...

Definition
Ancient Olympic Games
The ancient Olympic Games were a sporting event held every four years at the sacred site of Olympia, in the western Peloponnese, in honour of Zeus, the supreme god of the Greek religion. The games, held from 776 BCE to 393 CE, involved participants...

Definition
Nemea
Nemea was a religious sanctuary in the northern Peloponnese of Greece where pan-Hellenic athletic games were held every two years from 573 BCE until 271 BCE, after which, the Games were definitively moved to Argos. Early Settlement Situated...