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Buffalo and the Plains Indians
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Buffalo and the Plains Indians

The buffalo were essential to the Plains Indians, and other Native American nations, as they were not only a vital food source but were regarded as a sacred gift the Creator had provided especially for the people. Buffalo (bison) supplied...
Cheyenne Legends of the Buffalo
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Cheyenne Legends of the Buffalo

Two popular Cheyenne legends are the Origin of the Buffalo and How the Buffalo Hunt Began (also known as The Great Race), both dealing with the importance of the North American bison to the Cheyenne nation. Like others of the Plains Indians...
Mandan Buffalo Dance
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Mandan Buffalo Dance

The Mandan Buffalo Dance is a ceremonial ritual observed in the modern era to honor the spirit of the buffalo and preserve Native American cultural traditions and was performed in the past for the same reasons just prior to the buffalo-hunting...
White Buffalo Calf Woman
Article by Joshua J. Mark

White Buffalo Calf Woman

White Buffalo Calf Woman (Ptesan-Wi) is a supernatural entity of the Sioux religion, who serves as an intermediary between Wakan Tanka (Great Mystery or Great Spirit) and the people. According to Sioux lore, she appeared to the people in...
The Girl Who Was the Ring
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Girl Who Was the Ring

The Girl Who Was the Ring is a Pawnee legend committed to writing by the anthropologist George Bird Grinnell (l. 1849-1938) in his work The Punishment of the Stingy and Other Indian Stories (1901). The story highlights the Native American...
Buffalo and Eagle Wing & The American Indian Boarding School
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Buffalo and Eagle Wing & The American Indian Boarding School

Buffalo and Eagle Wing is a legend of the Plains Indians culture of North America, which is part origin myth and part cautionary tale on the importance of keeping one's promises. Although scholars agree on the general provenance of the tale...
Old Woman's Water and the Buffalo Cap
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Old Woman's Water and the Buffalo Cap

Old Woman's Water and the Buffalo Cap is a Cheyenne tale of the two great culture heroes Standing-on-the-Ground and Sweet Medicine and how they brought back the buffalo to the people and established the tradition of the sacred buffalo hat...
The Wonderful Sack
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Wonderful Sack

The Wonderful Sack is a legend of the Cheyenne nation and one of the Wihio tales, featuring the trickster figure Wihio, similar to the Lakota Sioux character Iktomi (also known as Unktomi) of the famous Iktomi tales. Although the date of...
Sioux Ceremonial Pipe
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Sioux Ceremonial Pipe

The Sioux ceremonial pipe is a sacred object of the Sioux nation used in the seven sacred rites as well as other observances to connect the people with the Great Spirit (Wakan Tanka), Mother Earth, the spirit world, and each other. Pipe rituals...
Making the Sacred Bundle
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Making the Sacred Bundle

Making the Sacred Bundle is an origin story of the medicine bag from the Pawnee nation. A medicine bag is a pouch or bundle containing items of resonant spiritual power for an individual or the tribal community that symbolize and maintain...
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