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Definition
Cadoudal Affair
The Cadoudal Affair, or the Pichegru Conspiracy, was a failed royalist attempt to kill or kidnap Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), then the First Consul of the French Republic, and restore the House of Bourbon to the French throne. The conspiracy's...

Definition
Petticoat Affair
The Petticoat affair, also called the Eaton affair, was a political scandal that rocked Washington, D.C., from 1829 to 1831, during the early years of Andrew Jackson's presidency. Revolving around the rumored sexual promiscuity of Peggy Eaton...

Definition
XYZ Affair
The XYZ Affair was a diplomatic incident that occurred in 1797-98, involving diplomats from the United States and Revolutionary France. Amidst rising tensions between the two nations, President John Adams sent envoys to Paris to negotiate...

Article
The Dreyfus Affair & the Separation of Church and State in France
The Dreyfus Affair, or L'Affaire as it has become known, demonstrated the competing forces at work to either reestablish the monarchy and the Church in power or to solidify and advance the unfulfilled ideals of the 1789 French Revolution...

Definition
Gaspee Affair
The Gaspee Affair was an incident that occurred on 10 June 1772, when a group of American colonists from Rhode Island seized and burned the Royal Navy schooner HMS Gaspee after it had run aground. The affair contributed to the worsening of...

Definition
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
The Chesapeake-Leopard affair was an incident that took place off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia, on 22 June 1807 when the British warship HMS Leopard fired on and boarded an American frigate USS Chesapeake while searching for deserters from...

Image
Cadoudal and the Royalist Conspirators Land Beneath the Cliffs of Biville
Royalist leader Georges Cadoudal and his fellow conspirators land beneath the cliffs of Biville, Normandy during the night of 21 August 1803 as the first step in their plan to assassinate Napoleon Bonaparte and bring about a Bourbon Restoration...

Image
Cadoudal is Arrested
On 9 March 1804, the royalist and Chouan leader Georges Cadoudal is arrested in Paris after killing one gendarme and wounding another. Engraving by an unknown artist, c. 19th century.
National Library of France, Paris.

Definition
French Consulate
The French Consulate was the government of the First French Republic from 10 November 1799 to 18 May 1804, spanning the last four years of the Republic's existence. Headed by Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) as First Consul, the Consulate served...

Image
Georges Cadoudal
Portrait of Georges Cadoudal (1771-1804), a Breton-born leader of the royalist Chouannerie rebellion during the French Revolution (1789-1799). He was executed after conspiring to kill or kidnap Napoleon Bonaparte and restore the Bourbons...