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Death's Mansions: The Columbaria of Imperial Rome
Article by Francesca Santoro L'hoir

Death's Mansions: The Columbaria of Imperial Rome

A columbarium is an underground chamber, which the Romans used for preserving the ashes of the dead. During the 1st and 2nd centuries CE, hundreds of columbaria lined the consular highways leading out of Rome, although now only some two dozen...
Columbarium 1 at Vigna Codini: Loculi & Central Pillar
Image by Francesca Santoro L'hoir

Columbarium 1 at Vigna Codini: Loculi & Central Pillar

Columbarium, excavated in 1840 CE, on strip of land between Via Latina and Via Appia.
Columbarium 3 at Vigna Codini: View of Double Staircase
Image by Francesca Santoro L'hoir

Columbarium 3 at Vigna Codini: View of Double Staircase

This largely first-century CE columbarium in Rome, discovered in 1852 CE, was once lined with marble. It is very 'up-market' in that the epitaphs are all preoccupied with status, even though the deceased are slaves and freed slaves. It was...
Columbarium Being Stripped Bare by 18th-Century Treasure Hunters
Image by Francesca Santoro L'hoir

Columbarium Being Stripped Bare by 18th-Century Treasure Hunters

From the 15th-18th centuries CE, the many columbaria that lined the consular highways leading out of Rome were plundered and destroyed. Consequently, one sees bits and pieces of them cemented into the walls of villas and palazzos all over...
Staircase: Columbarium 1 Vigna Codini
Image by Francesca Santoro L'hoir

Staircase: Columbarium 1 Vigna Codini

Staircase leading to the underground chamber of Columbarium 1, Rome. The central pillar supporting the ceiling is at left.
Giovanni Battista Piranesi: Etching of a Columbarium
Image by Francesca Santoro L'hoir

Giovanni Battista Piranesi: Etching of a Columbarium

Although the title under this etching reads "camera sepolcrale inventata"—imaginary sepulchral chamber—it is likely based on the great columbaria for the slaves of Livia and Augustus, which, we know from other etchings, Piranesi did see (Ignoring...
Fresco of Duck and Tripod, Columbarium 3, Vigna Codini
Image by Francesca Santoro L'hoir

Fresco of Duck and Tripod, Columbarium 3, Vigna Codini

This fresco is on the first landing of the columbarium discovered in 1852 CE at the Vigna Codini, on the strip of land between Via Latina and Via Appia. The fresco has crumbled from the wall, revealing the first-century CE opus reticulatum...
View from Staircase of Central Pillar and Loculi, Columbarium 1, Vigna Codini
Image by Francesca Santoro L'hoir

View from Staircase of Central Pillar and Loculi, Columbarium 1, Vigna Codini

The loculi in the central pillar of this columbarium in Rome (discovered in 1940 CE) seem to have been reserved for the elected officers of the funeral institution (The name of one of them has been stamped several times into the wet stucco...
Fresco of Bird and Dangling Grotesque Mask, Columbarium Vigna Codini 3
Image by Francesca Santoro L'hoir

Fresco of Bird and Dangling Grotesque Mask, Columbarium Vigna Codini 3

High up on the wall almost lost in the shadows above a loculus of this columbarium one can just make out the outlines of a bird walking on a flowered garland from which hangs a grotesque mask. The columbarium was excavated in 1852 CE. The...
The Columbarium at the Villa Wolkonsky, Rome
Image by Francesca Santoro L'hoir

The Columbarium at the Villa Wolkonsky, Rome

Before entering this columbarium, which is in the garden of the residence of the British Amabassador to Italy, I had to sign a waiver to the effect that I would not hold HM Government responsible for any mishap. And from the state of the...
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