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Crusades
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Crusades

The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organised by popes and Christian western powers to take Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control and then defend those gains. There were eight major official crusades between 1095...
The Crusades: Consequences & Effects
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Crusades: Consequences & Effects

The crusades of the 11th to 15th century CE have become one of the defining events of the Middle Ages in both Europe and the Middle East. The campaigns brought significant consequences wherever they occurred but also pushed changes within...
Northern Crusades
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Northern Crusades

The Northern or Baltic Crusades were military campaigns organised by popes and western rulers to convert pagans to Christianity in the 12th to 15th century. Unlike in the Holy Land, where military campaigns were aimed at liberating former...
The Crusades: Causes & Goals
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Crusades: Causes & Goals

The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organised by Christian powers in order to retake Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control. There would be eight officially sanctioned crusades between 1095 CE and 1270 CE and many...
The Armies of the Crusades
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Armies of the Crusades

The armies of the Crusades (11th-15th centuries CE), which saw Christians and Muslims struggle for control of territories in the Middle East and elsewhere, could involve over 100,000 men on either side who came from all over Europe to form...
A History of the Crusades
Collection by Mark Cartwright

A History of the Crusades

The Crusades were a series of military campaigns waged between Christians and Muslims, Christians and pagans (the Northern Crusades), and Christians against Christians (the Fourth Crusade and the Albigensian Crusade). This complex series...
The First Three Crusades and the 12th-Century Latin East (Outremer)
Image by Simeon Netchev

The First Three Crusades and the 12th-Century Latin East (Outremer)

Maps illustrating the trajectory of a series of early military campaigns initiated by the medieval Church between 1096–1192, aiming at liberating the "Holy Land" (roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Eastern Bank of the Jordan...
Kingdom of Jerusalem at the Time of the Crusades
Image by Robert Wilkinson

Kingdom of Jerusalem at the Time of the Crusades

This map depicts the Kingdom of Jerusalem (existed 1099-1291 CE), along with the Counties of Tripoli, Edessa, and Antioch.
Northern Crusades, 1260-1410 CE
Image by S.Bollmann

Northern Crusades, 1260-1410 CE

A map indicating the territories controlled by the Teutonic Knights military order and their Crusades against pagan Europeans in the 13th and 14th century CE.
The Crusades: A Brief History of the Medieval Religious Wars
Video by Kelly Macquire

The Crusades: A Brief History of the Medieval Religious Wars

This video will give you a brief, yet detailed history of the Medieval religious wars known as the Crusades, beginning at the first crusade with the people's crusade led by Peter the Hermit, and working our way to the final official crusade...
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