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Definition
Gurjara-Pratihara Empire
The Gurjara-Pratiharas, or simply, the Pratiharas (8th century CE - 11th century CE) held their sway over western and northern India. This dynasty saw its fortunes rising under Nagabhata I (730–760 CE) who successfully defeated Arab invaders...

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Gurjara-Pratihara Empire, Ancient India
This map shows the extent of the Gurjara-Pratihara, or simply, the Pratihara Empire (8th century CE - 11th century CE). This empire, based mainly in areas of western and northern India, also came to encompass some areas of eastern and central...

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The Rashtrakuta, Gurjara-Pratihara and Pala Empires, Ancient India
This map shows the territorial extent of the Rashtrakuta (8th century CE - 10th century CE), Gurjara-Pratihara or Pratihara (8th century CE - 11th century CE) and Pala (8th century CE - 12th century CE) empires. These three empires flourished...

Definition
Rashtrakuta Dynasty
The Rashtrakuta Dynasty ruled parts of South India from the 8th to the 10th century CE. At its zenith, their kingdom included the modern state of Karnataka in its entirety along with parts of the current Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra...

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Gurjara-Pratihara Coin
This coin belongs to the Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty (8th century CE - 11th century CE). It shows an image of the Hindu god Vishnu in his boar (Varaha) incarnation, with a human body and a boar’s head, rescuing the earth. It was issued during...

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Bateshwar Group of Temples, India
This image shows the Bateshwar group of Hindu temples built during the 8th and 10th centuries CE by the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty (8th century CE - 11th century CE) of northern India. In total there are about 200 temples spread over an...

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Vishnu in His Dwarf Incarnation
This image was created during the rule of the Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty (8th century CE - 11th century CE) in ancient India. It is a fine specimen of the sculptural style that flourished in the period. It shows the Hindu god Vishnu in his...

Definition
Gupta Empire
The Gupta Empire stretched across northern, central and parts of southern India between c. 320 and 550 CE. The period is noted for its achievements in the arts, architecture, sciences, religion, and philosophy. Chandragupta I (320 – 335 CE...

Definition
Western Roman Empire
The Western Roman Empire is the modern-day term for the western half of the Roman Empire after it was divided in two by the emperor Diocletian (r. 284-305 CE) in c. 285/286 CE. The Romans themselves did not use this term. At its height (c...

Definition
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire, at its height (c. 117), was the most extensive political and social structure in western civilization. Building upon the foundation laid by the Roman Republic, the empire became the largest and most powerful political and...