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Definition
Italy
The Italian Peninsula or Apennine Peninsula is one of the three peninsulas of Southern Europe (the other two being the Iberian Peninsula and Balkan Peninsula), spanning 1,000 km from the Po Valley in the north to the central Mediterranean...

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Patrons & Artists in Renaissance Italy
During the Renaissance, most works of fine art were commissioned and paid for by rulers, religious and civic institutions, and the wealthy. Producing statues, frescoes, altarpieces, and portraits were just some of the ways artists made a...

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Bronze Helmet, Heraclea, Italy
A bronze helmet with snake crest and cheek-pieces. From the tomb of a warrior, 4th century BCE. Heraclea, southern Italy. (Archaeological Museum of Policoro, Italy)

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Political Map of Italy circa 1000 CE
Political map of Italy near the arrival of the Normans, who eventually conquered Southern Italy and Sicily, including the principalities of Salerno, Capua, and Benevento.

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Southern Italy & Sicily, 1112
Political map of southern Italy c. 1112, showing the extent of the kingdom in 1154 upon Roger II of Sicily's death.

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Soncino Castle, Italy
Soncino Castle, Lombardy, Italy. First built in the 10th century CE and then rebuilt in the 13th century CE. The barbican adds extra protection to the principal entrance of the castle and gatehouse.

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Northern Side of the Forum of Carsulae, Italy
A series of two-storey public administration rooms bordered the northern side of the forum of the city of Carsulae (Italy). A colonnaded portico ran along the façade of the buildings where the Decumanus ran the length of the forum. The largest...

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Cardo Maximus of Carsulae, Italy
The cardo maximus at Carsulae (Italy) was the main north–south-oriented street crossing the city. The reconstructed arch marked the entrance to the forum.

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Twin Temples at Carsulae, Italy
The twin temples at Carsulae in Italy stood on the southern side of the city's forum. Today, only the podiums lined with pink stone slabs remain. The access of the temples was by a flight of steps partly reconstructed. While the divinities...

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Tower Tomb in Carsulae, Italy
The so-called Tower Tomb at Carsuale (Italy) is a mausoleum dated to between the 1st century BCE-1st century CE. Its lower structure is a quadrangular base 4.3 metres (14.1 ft) square and 2.4 metres (7.8 ft) high. Above the base, a hollow...