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Kublai Khan
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Kublai Khan

Kublai Khan (Qubilai-Qan) was the ruler of the Mongol Empire from 1260 to 1294. His accomplishments include establishing Mongol rule in China under the name of the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), thus becoming the first non-Chinese to rule the...
Mongol Empire
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire (1206-1368) was founded by Genghis Khan (r. 1206-1227), first Great Khan or 'universal ruler' of the Mongol peoples. Genghis forged the empire by uniting nomadic tribes of the Asian steppe and creating a devastatingly effective...
Möngke Khan
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Möngke Khan

Mongke Khan was ruler of the Mongol Empire (1206-1368 CE) from 1251 to 1259 CE. As the third Great Khan or 'universal ruler' of the Mongols, Mongke would oversee administrative reforms that continued to centralise government and ensure he...
Yuan Dynasty
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Yuan Dynasty

The Yuan Dynasty was established by the Mongols and ruled China from 1271 to 1368 CE. Their first emperor was Kublai Khan (r. 1260-1279 CE) who finally defeated the Song Dynasty which had reigned in China since 960 CE. Stability and peace...
Genghis Khan
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan (aka Chinggis Khan) was the founder of the Mongol Empire which he ruled from 1206 until his death in 1227. Born Temujin, he acquired the title of Genghis Khan, likely meaning 'universal ruler’, after unifying the Mongol tribes...
Kublai Khan Naming Phakpa Imperial Preceptor
Image by Art Gallery of Greater Victoria

Kublai Khan Naming Phakpa Imperial Preceptor

Kublai (Qubilai) Khan Naming Phakpa Imperial Preceptor, c. 1270 CE; attributed to Khyentse Chenmo (flourished 1450s–1490s CE); Tibet; late 15th–16th century CE; pigments on cloth; 32 1/4 x 20 in. (82.6 x 50.8 cm); Art Gallery of Greater Victoria...
Kublai Khan Statue
Image by A. Omer Karamollaoglu

Kublai Khan Statue

A modern statue of the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan (l. 1215-1294 CE). Sukhbaatar Square, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Ögedei Khan
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Ögedei Khan

Ogedei Khan (aka Ogodei) ruled the Mongol Empire from 1229 to 1241. He was the third son of Genghis Khan (r. 1206-1227), the empire's founder. Ogedei's accomplishments included creating a new capital at Karakorum, establishing a system of...
Kublai Khan on a Hunting Expedition
Image by Liu Guandao

Kublai Khan on a Hunting Expedition

A painted silk scroll showing Kublai Khan (r. 1260-1294 CE) on a traditional Mongol hunting expedition. Painted by Liu Guandao, 1280 CE. (National Palace Museum, Taipei)
Marco Polo
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Marco Polo

Marco Polo (1254-1324 CE) was a Venetian merchant and explorer who travelled to China and served the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan (l. 1214-1294 CE) between c. 1275 and 1292 CE. Polo's adventures are recounted in his own writings, The Travels...
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