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Definition
Neanderthal
Neanderthals are an extinct group of fossil humans that appeared in Western Eurasia in the mid-Middle Pleistocene and shared the stage with the first modern humans arriving in Europe from around 45,000 years ago, before disappearing from...

Article
The Neanderthal-Sapiens Connection
In May 2010, after years of intense discussions surrounding possible fossils of mixed Homo sapiens and Neanderthal descent floating around the scientific community, a team led by Svante Pääbo of the Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology...

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Neanderthal Burial, La Chapelle-aux-Saints (reconstruction)
Reconstruction of the Neanderthal burial at La Chapelle-aux-Saints, France, on display at Musée de La Chapelle-aux-Saints, Corrèze, France.

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Neanderthal Skeleton & Reconstruction
Skeleton and reconstruction of the La Ferrassie 1 Neanderthal found in France, as seen in an exhibit in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan.

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Neanderthal Man
Reconstruction of the head of a Neanderthal male who lived around 70,000 years ago, found in Shanidar Cave in present-day Iraq. It is on display in the Hall of Human Origins in the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.

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Neanderthal Adult Male Skeleton
Skeleton of an adult male Neanderthal. The lighter parts are fossil, whereas the darker parts have been reconstructed. It is on display at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.

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Neanderthal sites
Map showing sites associated with classic Neanderthals. The depicted ice volume corresponds with the maximum extent of the ice during glaciations.

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Neanderthal Tools - Levallois Point
A Levallois point flint tool from the Mousterian lithic industry, made by Neanderthals. It was discovered in Beuzeville, France and is on display at the museum of Toulouse, France.

Definition
Denisovan
The Denisovans are an extinct group of fossil humans who, along with their sister group the Neanderthals, also share an ancestor with Homo sapiens. Thus far, they are known only from Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains in Siberia, where...

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Homo Sapiens & Neanderthal Skulls
Skulls of Homo sapiens (left) and Neanderthal (right) from the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. This derivative work shows the skulls from the original display on a plain black background and with the annotation removed.