Search Results: Robert Guiscard

Robert Guiscard (1015-1085) was a Norman knight best known for conquering much of Southern Italy and Sicily during the 11th century. His many exploits include the expulsion of the Byzantines from Italy, support of a reformist papacy, and...

Robert Guiscard (c. 1015-1085 CE) was a Norman knight who fought with success against the Byzantine and Arab Empires. Painting by Merry-Joseph Blondel (1781–1853 CE). (Palace of Versailles, France)

Robert II of Scotland ruled as king from 1371 to 1390. Born Robert Stewart, he succeeded the heirless David II of Scotland (r. 1329-1371) and so founded the royal house of Stewart. Dividing Scottish estates between his many offspring, Robert...

Robert I of Scotland, better known as Robert the Bruce, reigned as King of Scotland from 1306 to 1329 CE. For his role in achieving independence from England, Robert the Bruce has long been regarded as a national hero and one of Scotland's...

Robert Guiscard and Count Roger, the oldest and youngest Hauteville brothers of Tancred de Hauteville's second marriage. Often working together, they both played major roles in the Norman conquest of Southern Italy and Sicily during the 11th...

No city on earth has preserved its past quite like Rome. Visitors stand on bridges that were crossed by Julius Caesar and Cicero, walk around temples visited by Roman emperors, and step into churches that have hardly changed since popes celebrated...

The brother of the King of Babylonia introduces Constantine the African to the court of Robert Guiscard.

Robert Guiscard (c. 1015-1085) is proclaimed Duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily by Pope Nicholas II, illustration from the Nuova Cronica of Giovanni Villani, 14th century.

Roger I, also known as Roger Bosso (c. 1031-1101) was a Norman knight and adventurer best known for conquering The Emirate of Sicily during the 11th century. His lifelong efforts helped lay the foundations of a wealthy new Mediterranean state...

Painting of Robert Guiscard and Roger Bosso receiving the keys to the city of Palermo. The city fell to Norman armies in January 1072, after nearly six months of siege. Fresco by Guiseppe Patania, Palazzo dei Normanni, Palermo, 1830.