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Definition
Rudolf Hess
Rudolf Hess (1894-1987) was deputy leader of the German Nazi Party and a key figure in the fascist regime of Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) until his bizarre decision in 1941 to fly to Scotland. Hess believed he could persuade Britain to withdraw...

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Rudolf Hess, 1933
A 1933 photograph of Rudolf Hess (1894-1987), deputy leader of the German Nazi Party. (German Federal Archives)

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Rudolf Hess in Prison
A 1945 photograph of Rudolf Hess (1894-1987), once deputy leader of the German Nazi Party, in his prison cell during the Nuremberg Trials. (U.S. Army Signal Corps - Library of Congress)

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Hitler & Hess, 1924
A c. 1924 photograph of Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) on the far left and Rudolf Hess (1894-1987), second from right. (Imperial War Museums)

Definition
Nuremberg Trials
The Nuremberg trials (1945-6), held in Nürnberg (Nuremberg), Germany, were a series of trials involving the senior surviving Nazis to hold them accountable for waging war and committing war crimes and crimes against humanity during the Second...

Definition
Beer Hall Putsch
The Beer Hall Putsch or Munich Putsch was a failed attempt by the German National Socialist (Nazi) Party to seize power, first of the Bavarian and then the German federal government on 8-9 November 1923. The coup, led by Adolf Hitler (1889-1945...

Definition
Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) was a German astronomer and mathematician most famous for creating what was up to that point the most accurate model of planetary astronomy with his three laws of planetary motion. Kepler was the first to present...

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Defendants, Nuremberg Trials
A photograph of a number of the Nazi defendants at the Nuremberg Trials of 1945-6. Front row (L to R): Hermann Göring, Rudolf Hess, Joachimvon Ribbentrop, Wilhelm Keitel Rear row (L to R): Karl Dönitz, Erich Raeder, Baldur von Schirach...

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Norse Pets in the Viking Age
Pets were as important to the Norse of the Viking Age (c. 790-1100 CE) as they were to any other culture, past or present. The Vikings kept dogs and cats as pets and both feature in Norse religious iconography and literature. The Norse also...

Definition
Alfred Rosenberg
Alfred Rosenberg (1893-1946) was an Estonian-born Nazi who propounded anti-Semitic racial theory and anti-Christian values. Rosenberg's theories matched those of the leader of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) and were used to justify...