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![Tsar](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/18194.jpg?v=1706594583)
Definition
Tsar
Tsar (also czar) is a Slavic term derived from the Latin caesar. Ivan III (Ivan the Great) (r. 1462-1505) was the first Russian ruler to begin using the title of tsar during his reign instead of the title Grand Prince of Moscow. His grandson...
![Peter the Great](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/17958.jpg?v=1715910603)
Definition
Peter the Great
Peter I of Russia (Peter the Great) was the Tsar of Russia from 1682-1721 and Emperor of Russia from 1721-1725. During his long reign, Peter had absolute power and brought real change to Russia, including building its first navy, introducing...
![Treaties of Tilsit](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/17676.jpg?v=1704914883)
Definition
Treaties of Tilsit
The Treaties of Tilsit were two peace treaties signed in July 1807 by Emperor Napoleon I of France (r. 1804-1814; 1815) and the monarchs of Russia and Prussia in the aftermath of the Battle of Friedland. The treaties ended the War of the...
![Tsar Peter III & Catherine the Great](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/17782.jpg?v=1717705623)
Image
Tsar Peter III & Catherine the Great
A Portrait of Tsar Peter III and his wife, the future Catherine the Great, oil on canvas by Georg Christoph Grooth, c. 1745.
Odesa Fine Arts Museum, Odesa, Ukraine.
![Russian Tsar Peter I](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/17962.jpg?v=1715910612)
Image
Russian Tsar Peter I
Portrait of Russian Tsar Peter I the Great by Godfrey Kneller, painted between 11 January and 21 April 1698, when Peter the Great was in London visiting William III of England. The Royal Collection. The portrait was Peter's gift to...
![Bulgarian Empire under Tsar Samuil, 997 - 1014](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/18033.png?v=1699627195)
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Bulgarian Empire under Tsar Samuil, 997 - 1014
A map illustrating the reign of Samuil (Bulgarian: Самуил,) Tsar of the First Bulgarian Empire from 997 to 1014. His rule faced significant challenges, particularly the expansionist policies of the Byzantine Empire under Emperor Basil II...
![Tsar Peter I, the Carpenter](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/18131.jpg?v=1699610947)
Image
Tsar Peter I, the Carpenter
Restored monument of Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725) learning shipbuilding in the city of Zaandam, the Netherlands, in 1697. Originally erected in 1911, removed in 1918 and restored in the 1990s, in Saint Petersburg, Russia. A copy of this...
![Young Tsar Alexis and Patriarch Nikon](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/18195.jpg?v=1706594646)
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Young Tsar Alexis and Patriarch Nikon
Young Tsar Alexis (Alexei) Praying Before the Relics of Metropolitan Philip in the Presence of Patriarch Nikon, oil on canvas by Alexander Litovchenko, 1886.
State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.
![Napoleon's Invasion of Russia](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/17796.jpg?v=1717489451)
Definition
Napoleon's Invasion of Russia
Napoleon's invasion of Russia, also known as the Second Polish War or, in Russia, as the Patriotic War of 1812, was a campaign undertaken by French Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1814; 1815) and his 615,000-man Grande Armée against the Russian...
![Battle of Austerlitz](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/17579.jpg?v=1705567149)
Article
Battle of Austerlitz
The Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805), or the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of the most significant battles of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). It saw French Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1814; 1815) and his Grande Armée decisively...