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Traditional Scythian-Occupied Region East of Ukraine
A map of the traditional areas inhabited by the Scythians, stretching east from the Ukraine.

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Wheat Fields, Ukraine
A photograph of wheat fields in Ukraine.

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Carol Singers, Ukraine
A 19th-century painting showing carol singers in Ukraine by Mykola Pymonenko (aka Nikolay Kornilevich Pimonenko, 1862 - 1912). (Kherson Regional Art Museum, Ukraine)

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Axis Troops, Ukraine, 1941
A September 1941 photograph showing Axis troops advancing in the Ukraine during Operation Barbarossa in the Second World War (1939-45). (Imperial War Museums)

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Battle of Kiev in 1941
The Battle of Kiev (Kyiv) in July-September 1941 was a major Axis victory in Operation Barbarossa, Adolf Hitler's attack on the USSR during the Second World War (1939-45). Hitler wanted the resources of Ukraine since these would allow the...

Definition
Einsatzgruppen
Einsatzgruppen ('deployment groups') were secret Nazi killing units, who systematically sought out and murdered civilians identified as enemies of the Third Reich. Operating without any legal restrictions in territories newly conquered by...

Definition
Alfred Rosenberg
Alfred Rosenberg (1893-1946) was an Estonian-born Nazi who propounded anti-Semitic racial theory and anti-Christian values. Rosenberg's theories matched those of the leader of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) and were used to justify...

Definition
Kievan Rus
Kievan Rus (862-1242) was a medieval political federation located in modern-day Belarus, Ukraine, and part of Russia (the latter named for the Rus, a Scandinavian people). The name Kievan Rus is a modern-day (19th century) designation but...

Definition
Woolly Mammoth
The woolly mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius, is an extinct herbivore related to elephants who trudged across the steppe-tundras of Eurasia and North America from around 300,000 years ago until their numbers seriously dropped from around 11,000...

Definition
Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv
Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, Ukraine is a monument of 11th-century architecture, painting, and mosaic work. The cathedral was named after Hagia Sophia and, as the main temple of the state, played the role of its spiritual, political and...