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Uruk
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Uruk

Uruk was one of the most important cities (at one time, the most important) in ancient Mesopotamia. According to the Sumerian King List, it was founded by King Enmerkar c. 4500 BCE. Uruk is best known as the birthplace of writing c. 3200...
Uruk 5000 B.C. Historical Simulation
Video by ozzeuk

Uruk 5000 B.C. Historical Simulation

Historical simulation showing everyday life of Uruk in Ancient Mesopotamia through the use of virtual reality and Artificial Intelligence. The historical site was reconstructed based on the results of archaeological excavations, settlement...
Heroes Protecting Animals, Uruk
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Heroes Protecting Animals, Uruk

This ritual vessel shows nude heroes protecting a bird and a bull. Such heroes were popular images in ancient Mesopotamia. Late Uruk Period, 3300-3000 BCE. Probably from Uruk (Warka), Southern Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq. (The British Museum...
The Uruk Trough
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

The Uruk Trough

The Uruk Trough, one of the earliest examples of formal religious art from Mesopotamia. It was probably a cult object in the temple of Inanna (Ishtar); it cannot be used as a trough or basin. The carving shows sheep approaching a reed hut...
Pottery Dish from Uruk Period
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Pottery Dish from Uruk Period

The outer surface of this large, partially broken, pottery dish is painted in black geometric shapes and pelicans ,while the inside (not shown) is painted with ibex figures. Uruk period, 3500-2800 BCE, Mesopotamia, Iraq. (The Sulaimaniya...
Necklaces from Uruk Period
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Necklaces from Uruk Period

These two necklaces were made of red agate and were found inside a grave that dates back to the Uruk period, 4000-3100 BCE, Mesopotamia, Iraq. (The Sulaimaniya Museum, Iraq).
Stone Calf from Late Uruk Era
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Stone Calf from Late Uruk Era

There is a hole on the back of this stone calf for vertical posts or other attachments. Late Uruk period, 3300-3000 BCE, from Ur, Mesopotamia, Iraq. (The British Museum).
Vase of Utu-Hegal of Uruk
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Vase of Utu-Hegal of Uruk

This is only known bronze/copper alloy vessel inscribed with the name of Utu-Hegal, King of Uruk. Utu-Hegal was considered a hero, who drove the hated Gutian invaders out of Southern Mesopotmia. The inscribed cuneiform text mentions the name...
Facade of Inanna's Temple at Uruk
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Facade of Inanna's Temple at Uruk

Part of the facade of the temple of Inanna at Uruk. There are standing male and female deities in alternate niches. Each figure holds a vessel in his/her hands and pours life-giving water onto the earth. The cuneiform inscriptions on the...
Facade of Inanna Temple from Uruk at the Iraq Museum
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Facade of Inanna Temple from Uruk at the Iraq Museum

This is part of the facade of the temple of goddess Inanna at Uruk (modern-day Warka, southern Iraq) and is made of bricks. There are standing male and female deities in alternating niches. Both hold a vase, pouring water in double streams...
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