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Definition
War of the Sixth Coalition
The War of the Sixth Coalition (1813-1814), known in Germany as the Wars of Liberation, was the penultimate conflict of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). The Sixth Coalition, which included Russia, Austria, Prussia, the United Kingdom, Sweden...
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The British-American War of 1812
This map illustrates the course of the War of 1812 (1812-1815), a conflict between the United States and Great Britain driven by trade restrictions, the impressment of American sailors, and disputes over territorial expansion. Native American...
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Map of Fort George, c. 1812
Map of Fort George and surrounding areas during the War of 1812, from The Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812 by Benson Lossing.
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Proclamation of the Spanish Constitution of 1812
Proclamation of the Spanish Constitution of 1812 by the Cortés de Cádiz during the Peninsular War, image by Salvador Viniegra, 1912.
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Napoleon Crosses the Niemen, June 1812
Napoleon's Grande Armée crosses the Niemen River, commencing Napoleon's invasion of Russia (1812). Watercolor by an anonymous artist, 1810s.
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Battle of Borodino, 1812
The Battle of Borodino (7 September 1812) during Napoleon's invasion of Russia, oil on canvas painting by Louis-François, Baron Lejeune, 1822.
Palace of Versailles.
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Battle of Smolensk, 1812
French Emperor Napoleon I and Prince Józef Poniatowski leading troops during the Battle of Smolensk (16-18 August 1812), painting by Jean-Charles Langlois, 1839. The burning city is visible in the background.
Palace of Versailles.
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Fire of Moscow, 1812
The fire of Moscow during the French occupation of the city, 1812. Napoleon is featured in the center. Painting by Viktor Mazurovsky.
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Chart Showing the Number of Men in Napoleon's Russian Campaign of 1812
Charles Minard's famous 1869 chart detailing the number of men in Napoleon's Grande Armée during his 1812 invasion of Russia; the tan represents the men who invaded Russia itself, while the black represents the retreat from Moscow. The way...
Definition
Peninsular War
The Peninsular War (1807-1814), also known as the War of Spanish Independence, was a major conflict of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) that was waged in the Iberian Peninsula by Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom against the invading...