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Definition
Zenobia
Zenobia (b. c. 240 CE, death date unknown) was the queen of the Palmyrene Empire who challenged the authority of Rome during the latter part of the period of Roman history known as The Crisis of the Third Century (235-284 CE also known as...

Article
Zenobia's Rebellion in the Historia Augusta
The Historia Augusta (Great History) is a Latin work of the 4th century CE that chronicles the lives of Roman emperors from 117-285 CE. Among the many stories related is the history of Zenobia of Palmyra and her challenge to Roman authority...

Definition
Battle of Immae
The Battle of Immae (272 CE) was fought between the forces of the Roman emperor Aurelian (270-275 CE) and those of the Palmyrene Empire of Zenobia (267-273 CE) resulting in a Roman victory and, ultimately, the capture of Zenobia and an end...

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Zenobia Denarius
Zenobia Antoninianus coin reporting her title, Augusta and showing her diademed and draped bust on a crescent with the reverse showing a standing figure of Ivno Regina, holding a patera in her right hand, a sceptre in her left, a peacock...

Article
Enemies of Rome in the 3rd Century CE
It has been said that the greatest enemy of Rome was Rome itself, and this is certainly true of the period known as the Crisis of the Third Century (also known as the Imperial Crisis, 235-284 CE). During this time of almost 50 years, over...

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Zenobia Being Captured by the Romans
Zenobia of Palmyra (born c. 240 CE, death date unknown) is captured by Roman cavalry, by Zvonimir Grbasic. Courtesy of Ancient History Magazine / Karwansaray Publishers.

Definition
The Crisis of the Third Century
The Crisis of the Third Century (also known as the Imperial Crisis, 235-284 CE) was the period in the history of the Roman Empire during which it splintered into three separate political entities: the Gallic Empire, the Roman Empire, and...

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Zenobia in Chains
Queen Zenobia of the Palmyrene Empire, 3rd century CE, rebelled against the Roman Empire and may have been paraded by Emperor Aurelian through the streets of Rome in golden chains. Marble sculpture by Harriet Goodhue Hosmer, 1859 CE, now...

Video
The Warrior Queen Zenobia of the Palmyrene Empire
The warrior queen Zenobia of the Palmyrene Empire ruled her kingdom for three years until the Roman Emperor Aurelian stopped her in her tracks. The Palmyrene Empire was an empire that broke away from the Roman Empire during the instability...

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Queen Zenobia before Emperor Aurelianus
Queen Zenobia before Emperor Aurelianus. Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (1696–1770). Oil on canvas. Prado Museum.