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Stamp Act
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Stamp Act

The Stamp Act of 1765 was the first direct tax imposed on the 13 American colonies by the Parliament of Great Britain. It required the colonists to pay a tax on all printed materials including newspapers, legal documents, magazines, and playing...
Sugar Act
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Sugar Act

The Sugar Act of 1764, also known as the American Revenue Act, was legislation passed by the Parliament of Great Britain on 5 April 1764 to crack down on molasses smuggling in the American colonies and to raise revenue to pay for the colonies'...
Intolerable Acts
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts, also known as the Coercive Acts, were five laws passed by the Parliament of Great Britain in 1774 to punish the Thirteen Colonies of British North America for the Boston Tea Party. Though the acts primarily targeted...
Trade Union Scroll for the Amalgamated Society of Engineers
Image by Science Museum, London

Trade Union Scroll for the Amalgamated Society of Engineers

A trade union scroll for the Amalgamated Society of Engineers, created in January 1851. The scroll shows illustrations of important engineers and inventions during the Industrial Revolution. (Science Museum, London)
Alien and Sedition Acts
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Alien and Sedition Acts

The Alien and Sedition Acts were four laws passed by President John Adams and the Federalist-controlled Congress in 1798 that restricted immigration and free speech in the United States. Framed by the Federalist Party as a necessary measure...
Trade Unions in the British Industrial Revolution
Article by Mark Cartwright

Trade Unions in the British Industrial Revolution

Trade unions were formed in Britain during the Industrial Revolution (1760-1840) to protect workers from unnecessary risks using dangerous machines, unhealthy working conditions, and excessive hours of work. The trade union movement was vigorously...
History of Juneteenth
Article by Joshua J. Mark

History of Juneteenth

Juneteenth is an annual event celebrating the end of chattel slavery in the United States in commemorating the issuance of General Order No. 3 (which included the line "all slaves are free") in Galveston, Texas on 19 June 1865. In 2021, Juneteenth...
One Penny Stamp from the Stamp Act of 1765
Image by Unknown

One Penny Stamp from the Stamp Act of 1765

One penny stamp issued during the Stamp Act of 1765, cropped from the proof sheet. Unknown engraver, 1765.
Proof Sheet of One Penny Stamps Issued During the Stamp Act
Image by Unknown

Proof Sheet of One Penny Stamps Issued During the Stamp Act

A proof sheet of the one penny stamps issued as part of the Stamp Act of 1765. By an unknown engraver, 1765.
Stamp Act Riots in Boston, August 1765
Image by John Cassell

Stamp Act Riots in Boston, August 1765

The riots in Boston, Massachusetts over the Stamp Act in August 1765. Illustration by John Cassell, from Cassell's Illustrated History of England, Volume 5, 1865.
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