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Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence is the foundational document of the United States of America. Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, it explains why the Thirteen Colonies decided to separate from Great Britain during the American Revolution...

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Conquest of Smyrna During the Turkish War of Independence
Depicted here in a 1922 CE oil painting, the Turkish capture of Smyrna now Izmir (known as the Liberation of Izmir in Turkish) on 9 September 1922 CE, following the successful Great Smyrna Offensive which effectively sealed the Turkish victory...

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The Greek War of Independence 1821–1829 CE
An illustration of troops fighting during the Greek War of Independence (1821–1829 CE) against the Ottoman Empire (1299-1924 CE). Source: Web CD "The Revolution of 1821" is distributed free of charge with InLife magazine April 2001 issue...

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American War of Independence, 1775 - 1783
A map illustrating the course and major events during the American War of Independence (also known as the American Revolutionary War or American Revolution) between 1775 and 1783 – an armed rebellion through which thirteen of Great Britain's...

Definition
Second Continental Congress
The Second Continental Congress was the body of delegates that governed the Thirteen Colonies and, later, the United States during the American Revolutionary War. Between its first session in May 1775 and its disbandment in March 1781, the...

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Declaration of Independence by Trumbull
An 1819 painting titled The Declaration of Independence by John Trumbull. Various figures such as George Washington are shown presenting the Declaration of Independence of the 13 colonies from British rule to Congress. (United States Capitol...

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Proclamation of the Independence of Peru
Proclamation of the Independence of Peru, oil on canvas by Juan Lepiani, 1904. Lepiani depicts José San Martín (1778-1850) declaring Peruvian independence on 28 July 1821 in Lima, Peru. National Museum of Archeology, Anthropology and History...

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Independence Day Celebration in Centre Square, Philadelphia
Independence Day Celebration in Centre Square, Philadelphia, depicting the celebrations of 4 July 1819, painting by John Lewis Krimmel, c. 1819.

Definition
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), or the American War of Independence, was a conflict between Great Britain and its 13 North American colonies, who declared independence as the United States of America. Initially a rebellion within...

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Writing the Declaration of Independence
A painting by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris showing Thomas Jefferson (right), Benjamin Franklin (left), and John Adams drafting the U.S. Declaration of Independence in 1776. (Virginia Historical Society, Library of Congress)