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![Islamic Caliphates](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/11459.jpg?v=1706262664)
Definition
Islamic Caliphates
Caliphate (“Khilafat” in Arabic) was a semi-religious political system of governance in Islam, in which the territories of the Islamic empire in the Middle East and North Africa and the people within were ruled by a supreme leader called...
![Ali ibn Abi Talib](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/11671.png?v=1715328663)
Definition
Ali ibn Abi Talib
Ali ibn Abi Talib, or simply Ali, (l. 601-661 CE) was among the first Muslims, a cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad (l. 570-632 CE), and later reigned as the fourth Caliph of Islam from 656 CE to 661 CE, when he was murdered...
![Islamic Conquests in the 7th-9th Centuries](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/14212.png?v=1716125945)
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Islamic Conquests in the 7th-9th Centuries
A map illustrating the rise and expansion of early Islamic caliphates from the Prophet Muhammad until the 9th century.
![Rashidun-era Islamic Coin](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/11592.jpg?v=1665989222)
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Rashidun-era Islamic Coin
Islamic coin of Arab-Sasanian origin. From Bishapur, Persia. Made c. 651-661 CE, during the Rashidun Caliphate. Left: Sasanian style bust imitating Kosrau II (r. 590-628 CE). Right: Fire altar with ribbons and attendants, star and crescent...
![Expansion of Early Islamic Caliphates](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/11457.png?v=1622901604)
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Expansion of Early Islamic Caliphates
This map shows the expansion of the Islamic Caliphates in the 7th and 8th Centuries CE: 1. Dark Shade: Expansion under the Prophet Muhammad, 622-632 CE. 2. Medium Shade: Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632-661 CE. 3. Light Shade...
![Uthman](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/11673.png?v=1644648302)
Definition
Uthman
Uthman ibn Affan (l. 576/583-656 CE) was an early convert to Islam, a close friend and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad (l. 570-632 CE), and the third caliph (r. 644-656 CE) of the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661 CE). His charitable acts and modesty...
![Abbasid Dynasty](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/12002.png?v=1711591864)
Definition
Abbasid Dynasty
The Abbasids were an Arabic dynasty that initially ruled over most of the Islamic empire (save some western parts) after assuming the caliphate in 750 CE, later on, their empire fragmented, however, they retained spiritual supremacy as caliphs...
![Tughlaq Dynasty](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/16684.png?v=1701193503)
Definition
Tughlaq Dynasty
The Tughlaq dynasty (also spelt Tughluq), ruled the Delhi sultanate from 1320 to 1413. Followed by the Khalji dynasty and preceded by the Sayyids, the Tughlaq dynasty formed an important period in the history and culture of the Sultanate...
![Islamic Depiction of Cain and Abel](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/14611.jpg?v=1636398902)
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Islamic Depiction of Cain and Abel
Cain burying his brother Abel, illustration from an Islamic illuminated manuscript of the Stories of the Prophets, 11th century CE. Cain and Abel were sons of the first humans Adam and Eve in the biblical Book of Genesis. Cain was...
![Islamic Silk Tapestry](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/15798.jpg?v=1652039933)
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Islamic Silk Tapestry
12th-century textile fragment from the Shrine of San Librada, Sigüenza Cathedral, Spain. The tapestry was likely taken from Almeria after King Alfonso VII of Castile captured the city. It features patterns that were popular among the taifas...