Search Results: Kurt aland

The books of the New Testament were written in the 1st century CE. As Christianity spread in the 2nd century CE, many copies were made, some by non-professionals. Early manuscripts are considered to be closer to the original than later manuscripts...

During the early years of Christianity, many of the church leaders or "Fathers" wrote down admonishments and instruction on what it meant to be a follower of Jesus as well as what liturgical ceremonies should be followed as a believer in...

A map showing the auxiliary forts located on the eastern end of the Black Sea during the reign of Roman emperor Hadrian (r. 117-138 CE). The Caucasus region was part of the eastern frontiers of the Roman Empire. About 131 CE, Arrian (as governor...

A March 1943 photograph of Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), the leader of Nazi Germany, alongside several of his generals as they study maps of the Eastern Front during the German-Soviet War of the Second World War (1939-45). The generals are (L...

Ancient Egyptian literature comprises a wide array of narrative and poetic forms including inscriptions on tombs, stele, obelisks, and temples; myths, stories, and legends; religious writings; philosophical works; wisdom literature; autobiographies...

The Night of the Long Knives (aka Blood Purge or Röhm-Putsch) of 30 June 1934 was a purge of the Nazi Sturmabteilung (SA) paramilitary group which continued through 1 and 2 July. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), wary of the growing power of the...

The Anschluss ('fusion') of 12 March 1938 was the annexation and formal union of Austria with Germany. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), the Nazi leader of Germany, dreamed of an empire which enclosed all German speakers, his 'Greater Germany'. Hitler's...

The Sturmabteilung (SA or Storm Detachment), popularly known as the Brownshirts for their uniform, was the paramilitary arm of the German Nazi party led by Adolf Hitler (1889-1945). The SA was formed in 1921 and led most famously by Ernst...

Throughout 1938, Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), the leader of Nazi Germany, threatened to occupy the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia. The excuse presented was that Sudeten Germans were being repressed but Hitler was intent on creating a 'Greater...

A depiction of St. Hildegard of Bingen (1098 - 1179 CE) going to the monastery at Disibodenberg, where she meets St. Jutta of Sponheim, who was to be her tutor. From the Benedictine Abbey of St. Hildegard in Eibingen, Germany. The monastic...